Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2008
Forfattere
Alemayehu Chala May Bente Brurberg Anne Marte TronsmoSammendrag
Sorghum anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum sublineolum is one of the most destructive diseases of sorghum around the world. Owing to the production of sorghum in a wide range of agro-ecological zones with different farming systems since earlier times, diverse sorghum land races exist in Ethiopia that may be creating favorable conditions for the presence of diverse pathogen races. It is for the time being not possible to exploit the variations in the landraces to develop sustainable and affordable disease management strategies because information on the genetic diversity of both the plant and the pathogen are little or lacking in Ethiopian condition. Therefore the current project was developed with the objectives of studying the reaction of Ethiopian adapted sorghum germplasm to anthracnose infection and investigating the morphological and genetic variations among isolates of C. sublineolum from Ethiopia. Two separate experiments are being conducted to achieve these objectives. The first experiment deals with field screening of sorghum germplasm for resistance to anthracnose. More than 100 sorghum lines were screened in 2006 and 2007 cropping seasons at Alaba and Wolayta, Southern Ethiopia. Anthracnose severity at 140 days post planting, measured as the proportion of leaves covered by the disease, ranged from 11% to more than 50% over the 2 years. Results of this experiment revealed the existence of variations in the reaction of the tested lines to natural infection by anthracnose. Some of the lines appeared to possess a good level of stable resistance while others show differential reactions across experimental locations and years. This suggests not only the potential of Ethiopian adapted sorghum germplasm in serving as sources of resistance to anthracnose but also the impact environmental conditions may have on the genotype response to the disease. Furthermore this may suggest the presence of different pathogen pathotypes in the two experimental sites. The second experiment is aimed at investigating the morphological, pathogenic and genetic variations among C. sublineolum isolates from Ethiopia. To achieve this objective more than 90 leaf samples were collected from different parts of Ethiopia and brought to Norway for laboratory analysis. Single spore isolates are being grown on culture media and the genetic variations among the isolates will be analyzed using AFLP. Besides, the isolates will be characterized morphologically. In addition, selected isolates representing different genetic and morphological groups will be inoculated to sets of differential cultivars obtained from Texas, USA in a green house. The experiment will be arranged in CRD (completely randomized design) with 3 replications, and data will be recorded on the presence or absence of anthracnose and severity of the disease will be measured at a week interval to determine the pathogenecity and aggressiveness of the isolates.
Sammendrag
The frequency with which ewe lambs lay on wooden surfaces at two levels, called ``double bunks,"" was documented by video recording at 6, 11 and 18 months of age: the number in each of 4 pens (n = 4) lying either on double bunks (DBs) or on the expanded metal floor (EMF) was recorded. At 6 months, lambs were sheared half way through the research period and DBs of two different heights (50/60 cm) and depths (60/75 cm) were tested. At other ages the lambs were sheared before testing and all DBs were the 60 cm 60 cm design. Fully fleeced lambs aged 6 months preferred to lie on EMF rather than DB (P < 0.001). After shearing, the use of EMF for resting declined (P < 0.05) and no significant preference between EMF and DB was found. The lambs tended to lie less when newly sheared (P = 0.06). At 11 months, sheared lambs used DB just as much as EMF, whereas 18 month old sheared ewe lambs tended to choose DB to lie on (P = 0.09). At 6 months, there was a tendency for more lambs to rest at ground level in the DB when headroom was higher at 60 cm (P = 0.1). No other preferences between DB designs were found. The results are discussed according to the regulations for organic sheep farming in Norway. The lambs showed little preference for resting on a DB compared to EMF, so there is insufficient evidence to recommend a two-level, wooden lying area for sheep.
Forfattere
Mona RingnesSammendrag
Type produksjon(er) og hva en har til rådighet av arealer, redskap og bygninger kan ha mye å si for omlegging. I tillegg kommer behovet for arbeidskraft og tidsbruk.
Sammendrag
Etableringen av et arealregnskap for Norge skjer med basis i en nasjonal utvalgsundersøkelse av arealdekket. 48 av utvalgsflatene i undersøkelsen ligger i Telemark. Disse områdene utgjør en liten, men likevel statistisk forventningsrett, utvalgsundersøkelse av arealdekket for dette fylket. Selv om utvalget er begrenset, velger Skog og landskap her å publisere materialet slik at resultatene også kan benyttes i andre sammenhenger enn som grunnlag for nasjonal statistikk.
Forfattere
Grete Lene SerikstadSammendrag
Begrunnelsene for å drive økologisk landbruk og spise økologisk mat er sammensatt. Økologisk landbruk er en praktisk konsekvens av ønsket om et mer økologisk bærekraftig samfunn, og en slik målsetning vil nødvendigvis bestå av mange elementer. Denne lista oppsummerer en del av argumentene som brukes for å begrunne slik drift. Her er tatt med fakta, politiske målsetninger og konklusjoner fra enkeltprosjekter og kunnskapssynteser.
Forfattere
Espen HauglandSammendrag
Foredrag med fokus på hva begrepet "kvalitet" innebærer og hvordan man knytter dette til regionale satsinger innen lammekjøttproduksjonen.
Forfattere
Nenad Kea Halvor SolheimSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Halvor Solheim Iben Margarethe ThomsenSammendrag
I de siste 10-15 årene er Ask (Fraxinus excelsior) blitt rammet av en virussjukdom som har spredd seg fra Polen til nærliggende områder. Både Sverige og Danmark er rammet, og Norge kan står for tur.
Forfattere
Tor Håkon SivertsenSammendrag
There exist several very complicated mechanistic crop growth models, like SUCROS, CERES etc. These models are constructed by modeling quantitatively physiological processes in relation to environment. Some of these models have been used for predictions and consequences of global change.The model CERES, a model for cereal crops, is delivered by IBSNAT, The International Benchmark Sites Network for Agrotechnical Transfer, University of Hawai, Honolulu. This model contains output parameters of yield, biomass, phenological phases, soil water content etc. The input data are parameters describing the soil physics, the varieties of the cereal crop, and the weather. In addition management of fertilization and management of pests and diseases may be consideredThe input weather data of interest for the present discussion are simulations, scenarios, of future climatic conditions in different countries and different regions in Europe. The type of crop production basically connected to the model CERES are technically advanced commercial production of cereals on the large agricultural scale. The outcome of any study containing this model in the present shape, will be the limits of this type of agricultural production connected to quantitative scenarios of the future climate in the different regions of Europe.How should one attach the concepts of sustainable agriculture and global change to crop growth modeling?How should crop growth modeling be connected to sustainable farming systems and the challenges of globalchange.Has anyone tried to use crop growth models in a context of production, storage, distribution, consumption, and the treatment of waste connected to crop production.Several ecological systems of nature contain recycling of minerals and waste products. Has anyone tried to combine crop growth models to such ecological systems?How should the temporal and spatial scope of mechanistic crop growth models be evaluated and discussed?
Forfattere
Trygve S. AamlidSammendrag
Artikkelen gir bakgrunnen for og ønsker den nye frøavlsringlederen i Telemark velkommen.