Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2009
Sammendrag
I 2008 ble det for første gang i det nasjonale overvåkningsprogrammet for brunbjørn (Ursus arctos) samtidig samlet inn hår- og ekskrementprøver fra alle områder der det tidligere er funnet hunnbjørn i Norge. Det ble samlet inn prøver fra Hedmark, Sogn og Fjordane, Møre og Romsdal, Sør-Trøndelag, Nord-Trøndelag, Nordland, Troms og Finnmark. Totalt ble det samlet 865 hår-, ekskrement og vevsprøver; 697 ekskrementprøver, 157 hårprøver, og 11 vevsprøver. Alle prøver ble DNA analysert, og totalt var 460 av de 865 prøvene positive (53 %). Det ble identifisert 120 ulike individer av brunbjørn i Norge i 2008; 40 hunnbjørn og 80 hannbjørn, hvorav 69 individer (58 %) var kjent fra foregående års DNA analyser av hår- og ekskrementprøver. Kjønnsfordelingen viste en overvekt av hannbjørn i alle fylker der begge kjønn var representert. Hunnbjørn ble påvist i følgende fylker: Finnmark, Troms, Nord-Trøndelag og Hedmark. I flere av innsamlingsområdene ble det identifisert flere brunbjørn i 2008 enn ved tidligere års analyser. I disse områdene var også det totale prøveantallet til analyse i 2008 høyere enn ved tidligere års innsamlinger. Rapporten beskriver også analyse av enkeltprøver innsamlet i Sverige og Finland i 2008, samt enkeltprøver samlet inn i Norge i 2007. DNA, brunbjørn, mikrosatellitt, overvåkning, Norge, DNA, brown bear, microsatellite, monitoring, Norway
Forfattere
Hans Geir Eiken Rune J. Andreassen Alexander Kopatz Siv Grete Bjervamoen Ingvild Wartiainen Camilla Tobiassen Per M. Knappskog Paul Eric Aspholm Martin E. Smith Jouni AspiSammendrag
The development of wildlife genetics combined with non-invasive sampling might be both an economic benefit for the society and a benefit for the survival of the threatened species. The aims of this study are to develop a quality assured approach for DNA profiling of brown bears (Ursus arctos) in Northern Europe using material from non-invasive sampling and to generate a population database that can be used for conservation management as well as a reference database for forensic purposes. Non-invasive sampling was performed by the collection of scats in the field and by using sets of hair traps in a grid pattern in specified geographical areas. Genotypes from 12 STR loci were determined for 232 Norwegian bears. Initial analysis of the entire sample indicated a high level of substructure. Thus, the sample was divided into four geographically different populations consisting of 206 individuals for further validation of the markers. Ten STRs (G1D, G10L, Mu05, Mu09, Mu10, Mu15, Mu23, Mu50, Mu51, and Mu59) conformed to Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) expectations with only minor deviations, while the remaining two STR loci (Mu26 and G10B) were excludedfrom our set of putative forensic profiling system markers after revealing significant deviations from HWE in all four sub-populations. The average estimate of population substructure for Norwegian bears using 10 STRs (FST) was determined to be 0.1, while the estimate for inbreeding (FIS) was0.02. Accounting for the FST-value, the average probability of identity (PIave) was 5.67 and the average probability of sibling identity (PIsib) was 1.68. In Norway, this brown bear DNA profiling system has been applied to forensic casework.
Forfattere
Rune J. Andreassen Hans Geir Eiken Alexander Kopatz Siv Grete Aarnes Ingvild Wartiainen Camilla Tobiassen Per M. Knappskog Paul Eric Aspholm Martin E. Smith Jouni AspiSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Rune Andreassen Hans Geir Eiken J Aspi A Kopatz SG Bjervamoen I Wartiainen C Tobiassen Per Knappskog PE Aspholm ME SmithSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Rune Andreassen Hans Geir Eiken A Kopatz SG Bjervamoen I Wartiainen C Tobiassen Per Knappskog PE Aspholm ME Smith J AspiSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Ola Hanserud Ingrid L.P. NyborgSammendrag
The paper presents observations and experiences from the South Asian Earthquake in 2005 in Pakistan and discusses the effects of a lack of participatory methods on mitigating for future natural disasters in the region. The paper aims to be a support to implementing and donor organizations and practitioners in the water and sanitation sector, and also seeks to contribute to an improvement in WATSAN approaches in post disaster reconstruction and development.A major earthquake hit parts of Northern Pakistan in October 2005, and the following relief and reconstruction efforts indicated how far the international humanitarian society has come in its approaches towards the local. It was observed that local communities to a large extent were left out of important decision making processes regarding the reconstruction of water and sanitation facilities. This paper argues that in order to mitigate for future earthquakes in the region and any earthquake prone zones in developing countries, the development approaches promoted have to be reconsidered based on the actual processes taking place on the ground. Many national and international humanitarian and developmental organizations already have policy papers promoting participatory approaches in water and sanitation, but the South Asian Earthquake (SAEQ) post disaster efforts effectively showed that there is a considerable gap between paper and practice. In many of the NGOs and INGOs working in the area it seemed to be common practice to implement projects with a minimum of local involvement. This practice will possibly save the organization time in a tight implementation schedule, but ultimately compromises the capacity of the local communities to manage the water supply systems in the longer term and to tackle maintenance and repairs when needed. Men and women"s understanding of and contribution to the development of appropriate water and sanitation systems is central to ensure local motivation, recovery and development. We argue that a reconstruction process in which representatives from the local communities are not only included, but also given the power to discuss and influence the process outcomes, is crucial for the communities to gain sufficient competence and self confidence. This is possibly the single most important factor to mitigate and prepare for a future disaster. It is also important to support the existing relevant local government institutions, and to strengthen their capacity to cope with the new emergency and reconstruction situation. For example, in the SAEQ local government was hugely understaffed, and was thus often a bottleneck for organizations in obtaining the necessary papers to implement projects within water supply and sanitation.
Forfattere
Ola HanserudSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Siden 2002 har mellom 150 og 200 produsenter årlig meldt seg ut av Debio. Den viktigste årsaken var for mye byråkrati med kontroll og sertifisering. De som fortsetter med økologisk drift nevner uforutsigbare politiske rammevilkår som viktig utfordring. Økonomiske forhold var viktige årsaker eller problemer for begge gruppene.
Sammendrag
A range of studies the last decade have shown that modified wood can provide excellent protection against a range of wood deteriorating organisms, including decay fungi. However, we still lack information about why the modified wood is protected from microbial attack. Several hypotheses have been put forward e.g. inhibition of action of specific enzymes, but they still need testing. An understanding of the mechanisms utilized by decay fungi when exposed to modified wood is important for further optimisation of new modified wood products. In this study gene expression of the brown rot fungus Postia placenta has been monitored after 2, 4 and 8 weeks of colonization in furfurylated Scots pine and control samples. Preliminary results are given. The main finding was that genes related to oxidative metabolic activity was higher in furfurylated wood compared to untreated Scots pine, and that carbohydrate metabolism related expression was lower in furfurylated wood compared to untreated control.
Forfattere
Klaus MittenzweiSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag