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Publikasjoner

NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.

2009

Sammendrag

Cereal cyst nematodes (CCN), Heterodera spp. are well-known world-wide as parasites of cereals. In Scandinavia H. avenae is the most common species and occurs in the pathotypes, Ha11 and Ha12, and the additional pathotypes H. avenae-Knislinge, H. avenae-Ringsåsen and H. avenae-Våxtorp. H. filipjevi, which occurs in the two pathotypes, "East" and "West" is less common than H. avenae.  For several years it has been known that resistance to cereal cyst nematodes may be found in some commercial cultivars, although no conscious breeding for resistance has been attempted. In 2004 and 2005 a majority of cereal cultivars on the Norwegian market were tested for susceptibility/resistance towards H. avenae pathotype Ha11, H. avenae pathotype "Våxtorp" and H. filipjevi pathotype "West" The test program included 30 cultivars of barley, 23 cultivars of oats and 6 cultivars of summer wheat. Resistance against Ha11 was found in 5 barley, 3 oat cultivars and in 1 wheat cultivar. Resistance against H. avenae pathotype "Våxtorp" was not present in barley, but 4 oat cultivars and 1 wheat cultivar were resistant. For H. filipjevi "West" resistance was not detected in wheat, but in 6 barley and 13 oat cultivars. Obviously the variability in CCN is larger than generally anticipated. In Norway management systems based on careful nematode identification and good knowledge of suitable resistant cultivars are in operation. Resistant barley is generally recommended when nematode populations are high due to its high tolerance compared to resistant oats. Farmers implementing this program have reported increased cereal yields of in average 1000 kg /ha. It has been calculated that by implementing this program in full the county of Vestfold could make an economic gain of 800 000 € annually. In perspective of increasing damage from CCN world-wide the recognition of its genetic variability is instrumental for successful control.

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Sammendrag

In this study we demonstrate how airborne laser scanning (ALS) can be applied to map effective leaf area index (LAI(e)) in a spruce forest, after being calibrated with ground based measurements. In 2003 and 2005, ALS data and field estimates of LAI(e) were acquired in a Norway spruce forest in SE Norway. We used LI-COR's LAI-2000 (R) Plant canopy analyzer ("LAI-2000") and hemispherical images ("HI") for field based estimates of LAI(e). ALS penetration rate calculated from first echoes and from first and last echoes was strongly related to field estimates of LAI(e). We fitted regression models of LAI(e) against the log-transformed inverse of the ALS penetration rate, and in accordance with the Beer-Lambert law this produced a linear, no-intercept relationship. This was particularly the case for the LAI-2000, having R-2 values > 0.9. The strongest relationship was obtained by selecting ALS data from within a circle around each plot with a radius of 0.75 times the tree height. We found a slight difference in the relationship for the two years, which can be attributed to the differences in the ALS acquisition settings. The relationship was valid across four age classes of trees representing different stages of stand development, except in one case with newly regenerated stands which most likely was an artifact. Using LAI(e) based on HI data produced weaker relationships with the ALS data. This was the case even when we simulated LAI-2000 measurements based on the HI data. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Sammendrag

This report is an output from the Northern Periphery Programme project “Developing the Scots Pine Resource”. The overall aim of this project is to stimulate the development and optimal utilisation of the Scots pine resource as a basis for sustainable, competitive, small- and micro-scale rural industries. Describing and analysing existing markets is part of this task, and the objective of this report. The report covers the Scots pine roundwood trade in the northern parts of Scotland, Norway, Sweden and Finland, the area covered by the InterReg Northern Periphery Programme (NPP, www.northernperiphery.eu). It consists of four papers, one for each country, which have been prepared by the relevant project partners. Together they give a thorough overview of the Scots pine timber trade in north-west Europe.

Sammendrag

Presentasjon: muligheter for kretsløpssystem akvakultur/hagebruk. Foredrag for elever og ansatte ved Finnfjordbotn videregående skole og Sørreisa Sentralskole under forskningsdagene 2009.

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Sammendrag

Norsk matindustri er en sentral aktør i den norske matkjeden og en stor bidragsyter til verdiskaping i norsk industri. Norsk matindustri er Norges nest største industribransje etter verkstedindustrien og står for 19 prosent av industriens totale produksjonsverdi, 18 prosent av industrisysselsettingen og nesten 15 prosent av alle industribedrifter. Den samlede forbruksutgiften til mat- og drikkevarer i norske husholdninger var i 2008 på 208,6 mrd. kroner, og samlet bruker en gjennomsnittshusholdning ca. 11,3 prosent av den totale forbruksutgiften på mat- og alkoholfrie drikkevarer. Totalt produserte de 48 500 sysselsatte i denne industrien mat- og drikkevarer for ca. 160 mrd. kroner i 2008, og mens sysselsettingen gikk opp 1,2 prosent siste året gikk produksjonsverdien opp med 5,2 prosent. Generelt sett, er bruttoinvesteringene i matindustrien noe lavere enn i øvrig industri, og investeringene utgjorde i 2008 ca. 3,9 mrd. kroner og det er en nedgang på 6,5 prosent fra året før. Om lag 16 prosent av norsk industris verdiskaping (målt som bruttoprodukt) kommer fra norsk matindustri, og i 2008 utgjorde verdiskapingen 35,2 mrd. kroner. Verdiskapingen og arbeidskraftsproduktiviteten i matindustrien viser imidlertid noe svakere utvikling enn i øvrig industri de senere årene. Utviklingen i driftsmargin for matindustrien er betydelig svakere enn for øvrig industri, og i 2007 gikk driftsmarginen ned 0,4 prosentpoeng (til 3,7 %), mens den for industrien totalt gikk opp med 1,5 prosentpoeng (til 7,6 %). Norsk matindustri er en variert industri med alt fra store børsnoterte foretak og samvirkeselskaper med mange tusen ansatte, til enkeltpersonsforetak med produksjon hjemme på gården. Totalt var det i overnkant av 1 400 bedrifter i norsk matindustri i 2008. Matindustribedriftene er generelt sett større enn bedrifter i industrien for øvrig, og sysselsetter i gjennomsnitt 34 personer per bedrift mot 27 i industrien totalt. Bedriftene er spredt rundt om i hele landet, der strukturen bl.a. er et resultat av de distriktspolitiske målene som ligger i norsk landbrukspolitikk. [...]