Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2012
Forfattere
Anita Marlene LandSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Denne boka inneholder sammendrag av 78 av de 105 foredragene som blir holdt under konferansen pluss 43 av 52 vitenskapelige plakater som presenteres.
Forfattere
Miriam Søgnen HaugsbøSammendrag
Biofuels are promoted all over the world as alternatives to fossil fuels in the transport sector. Their increasing popularity is due to three beneficial outcomes. First of all biofuels represent a carbon neutral energy source, as these fuels are based on biological material, and hence the emissions from these fuels belong in the natural circulation. Secondly biofuels represent an advantage considering energy security, as through diversifying the energy use, states can become less dependent on the international oil market. Lastly the biofuels for transport represent a possible additional income source for the agricultural sector, since the production of biofuels represents an alternative to traditional agricultural activities. At the same time however, the production and consumption of biofuels is criticized both related to ecological and social concerns. The ecological considerations relate to the fact that the life cycle analyses of biofuels have revealed that some types do not give the GHG-emission reductions that were initially promised, and to the cultivation model of biofuels, which is based on large plantations, many times lead to the degradation of local ecological conditions of soil, air and water. The social considerations relate to the possible impact on food prices, as biofuels today are produced mainly from food crops, and to the fact that the production of biofuels seldom leads to the proposed rural development benefits, and in some developing countries their production means exploitation of local inhabitants. The EU is an increasingly important actor at the world biofuels scene, and this report investigates the development of the current EU biofuels policy. The analysis is based on official EU documents regarding biofuels from the beginning of the 1980s up until today, mainly focusing on four different directives. These directives, and relevant accompanying documents, are analysed through a broad institutional approach, applying Peters (2005), Pierson (1996) and Egeberg (2004). A core assumption within an institutional approach is that one should seek knowledge about the institutional framework in order to understand and explain policy outcomes. These theories are also applicable to the EU level, as through time these institutions have become highly institutionalized, and developed from their original scope. The institutional approach also includes the context as an important source of influence to the development of policy. The research question of the study has been: how has the EU biofuels policy developed, and how can these developments be explained using an institutional approach? […]
Forfattere
Maria Magdalena Estevez Roar Linjordet John MorkenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Alberto Santini Luisa Ghelardini Ciro De Pace Marie-Laure Desprez-Loustau Paolo Capretti Anne Chandelier Thomas Cech Danut Chira Stephanos Diamandis Talis Gaitnieks Jarkko Hantula Ottmar Holdenrieder Libor Jankovský Thomas Jung Dusan Jurc Thomas Kirisits Andrej Kunca Vaidotas Lygis Monika Malecka Benoit Marcais Sophie Schmitz Jörg Schumacher Halvor Solheim Alejandro Solla Ilona Szabò Panaghiotis Tsopelas Andrea Vannini Anna Maria Vettraino Joan Webber Stephen Woodward Jan StenlidSammendrag
A large database of invasive forest pathogens (IFPs) was developed to investigate the patterns and determinants of invasion in Europe. Detailed taxonomic and biological information on the invasive species was combined with country-specific data on land use, climate, and the time since invasion to identify the determinants of invasiveness, and to differentiate the class of environments which share territorial and climate features associated with a susceptibility to invasion. IFPs increased exponentially in the last four decades. Until 1919, IFPs already present moved across Europe. Then, new IFPs were introduced mainly from North America, and recently from Asia. Hybrid pathogens also appeared. Countries with a wider range of environments, higher human impact or international trade hosted more IFPs. Rainfall influenced the diffusion rates. Environmental conditions of the new and original ranges and systematic and ecological attributes affected invasiveness. Further spread of established IFPs is expected in countries that have experienced commercial isolation in the recent past. Densely populated countries with high environmental diversity may be the weakest links in attempts to prevent new arrivals. Tight coordination of actions against new arrivals is needed. Eradication seems impossible, and prevention seems the only reliable measure, although this will be difficult in the face of global mobility.
Forfattere
Adam O\"Toole Karolin SpindlerSammendrag
Carbon sequestration with biochar has been identified as one of the most promising climate mitigation strategies for the Norwegian agricultural sector (Klif, 2010). There is currently great interest in biochar in Norway in the private sector, NGOs, universities and research institutes. Adoption of biochar as a carbon sequestration measure is partly dependent on its agronomic characteristics and the overall risk/benefit biochar poses to the environment. In 2011 3 field trials were started in Norway to test biochar in cropping systems. In the first year of results from 3 field trials and 1 lab trial we found no significant effects of biochar at amounts of 10-30 t ha-1 on oat or barley growth, nor was it detrimental to soil health (measured in terms of effects on worms and heavy metal limits). Isotopic studies found less than 3% degradation of biochar-C in the field in the first year, representing at least 20 times slower degradation of C than unpyrolyzed straw. After 1 year we conclude from the combined studies that significant amounts of carbon can be stored in Norwegian soils without it negatively effecting food production.
Forfattere
Adam O'toole Karolin SpindlerSammendrag
Biokull er ett av klimatiltakene med høyest potensiale for å kunne forbedre karbonregnskapet til den norske landbrukssektoren (Klif, 2010). Det er for tiden stor interesse for biokull i Norge innenfor privat sektor, frivillige organisasjoner, universiteter og forskningsinstitutter. Adopsjon av biokull som et karbonlagringstiltak er delvis avhengig av dets agronomiske egenskaper og den totale sikkerheten biokull utgjør for miljøet. I 2011, startet det 3 biokull forsøk i Ås, Sel, og Notodden for å undersøke effekten av biokull på feltet under norske forhold. Første års resultater fra 3 felt viste ingen signifikant effekt av biokull på plantevekst og jordkjemiske forhold. Økotoksikologiske lab-studier visste ingen negative effekter av biokull på meitemark, som var brukt som en indikator for jordhelse. Biokull ført til høyere vannlagringskapasitet i siltig sandjord, men ikke på lettleire. Isotopiske studier fant mindre enn 3 % nedbrytning av biokull-C i feltet i det første året, som representerer minst 20 ganger saktere nedbrytning av C enn upyrolysert halm. Konklusjon fra første året var at biokull kan brukes som et tiltak for å øke karbon i jordsmonnet uten at det går utover matproduksjon.
Sammendrag
Forsøksresultatene som presenteres i denne rapporten er biologisk godkjenningsprøving av ugrasmidler utført på oppdrag fra Mattilsynet i 2012. Inkludert i rapporten er også forsøk eller egne forsøksledd som grupperes som biologisk utviklingsprøving. Forsøkene er utført etter GEP-kvalitet1 hvis ikke annet er nevnt. Dette innebærer at det er utarbeidet skriftlige prosedyrer for nesten alle arbeidsprosesser. Disse prosedyrene, kalt standardforskrifter (SF’er), er samlet i en kvalitetshåndbok. Denne er delt ut til alle personer som arbeider med utprøving av plantevernmidler. De samme personene har også vært med på et endagskurs i GEP-arbeid.