Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2008
Sammendrag
Rustsoppane hagtornrust (Gymnosporangium clavariiforme) og Gymnosporangium sabinae kan begge angripa pæreblad. Hagtornrust har vertskifte med vanleg einer (Juniperus communis), medan G. sabinae har vertskifte med meir eksotiske einerartar. Hagtornrust har vore etablert i Noreg i ei årrekkje, medan den sistnemnde vart stadfesta for første gong her i landet på kinaeiner (J. chinensis) i Kristiansand i mai 2006.
2007
Forfattere
Kari ØrstadSammendrag
Vi vil presenterfe strategier for kontroll og metoder for å unngå spredning av bladlusoverførte virus, med potetvirus Y som eksempel. Vi vil også legge fram de siste resultatene fra prosjekter som er i gang, potetmopptoppvirus (PMTV) prosjektet og prosjektet på rattelvirus (TRV) som er nytt fra i år.
Forfattere
Ricardo Holgado Christer MagnussonSammendrag
Planteparasittære nematoder (rundormer) lever i jord og planter. Nematodene er av mikroskopisk størrelse, og noen arter fremkaller alvorlige skader på kulturplantene ved å suge på røtter og andre plantedeler. Korn kan skades alvorlig av nematodeangrep. Nyere studier viser et stort mangfold av korncystenematoder (Holgado et al., 2004). Vanlige arter og raser i Norge er H. avenae (Ha 11, Ha 12 og Ha Våxtorp) og rugcystenematoden H. filipjevi (rase Vest), mens artene H. pratensis, H. bifenestra og H. hordecalis er mindre hyppig forekommende (Holgado et al., 2007). Vi vet i dag alt for lite om de forandringer på artsnivå som ligger bak disse langsiktige populasjonsbølgene og skadene.
Forfattere
Tor Håkon SivertsenSammendrag
A few ideas connected to the scope of scientific work in agronomy and agro meteorology and the scope of the scientific principle is first outlined. Then the concepts of `sustainability" and `sustainable agriculture" is presented, and the content of different definitions of these concepts is discussed. General ideas of using quantitative parameters, indices, to measure sustainability is presented. Then different ways of defining indices is discussed.A concept connected to `subsistence farmimg" called `tiny orchard" is presented and discussed, and the possible use of this concept `tiny orchard" as a referenc system for measuring and definig `sustainable agriculture" is discussed. The actual life cycle of a commercial agricultural product , an apple to be consumed fresh, is outlined; and this is compared to what is happening in a `tiny orchard" with and apple on an apple tree. Some importantant cycles connected to sustainable agriculture is mentioned, the fresh water cycle and the cycles of nitrogen and phosphorous. The following idea is discussed:"The idea of changing the focus in agricultural production from maximizing the crop yield to keeping the ecolological system of the farming and the local area sound and in order". Man is an organism like other organisms. He ought to take care of his surroundings and the other species, to take care of a ttallity of biological systems on the Eatth. probaly no god or gods will take care of him if does not succed in doeng this.The content of the concepts of adaption and mitigation connected to clobal change is also finally mentioned. References and biblography: Leane, M., 2005, The quest for an Environmental Metric: gazing at weather systems, a ground-breaking scientist spawned on ecological accounting standard the Wall Street might one day embrace ( http:// www.cfo/printable/article.cfn/530007?f=options), CFO Publishing Maine, T., 2005, Towards a Metric of Sustanability ( http://www.isoconference.org.au/ papers/ Maine.pdf), CSIRO Publish Jain, R., 2005, Sustainability metrics, specific indicators and preference index (http://www.springerlink.com/media/h4d4779uuq0yynfhktb6/contributions/t/2/2/5/t22524055312t88.pdf), Clean Techn. Environ. Polocy /:71-72
Forfattere
Tor Håkon SivertsenSammendrag
The concept of "advection" is a concept connected to horizontal transport of energy and mass by parcels of air in convective flow systems. It is a concept mainly used in the field of `meteorology", and the concept is given a definition in `International meteorological vocabulary" published by WMO -No.182 " in 1992. Thiis concept is also used in other fields of science, especially by biologists studying evaporation of water in fields and forests , leaf wetness duration in orchards, frost situations in crop canopies etc. Because `environmental fluid mechanics" should contain contributions from several different fields of science, meteorology, agronomy, fluid dynamics, soil sciences, hydrology agro meteorology etc., it is of importance that the specialists from the different branches of scientific research of environmental phenomena understand each other. The main intention of this presentation Is making this concept of `advection"more clear for different groups of scientists, and this is also a way of advertizing the need for general conceptual discussions in the field of `environmental fluid mechanics". The definition of `advection" given by `WMO" is presented, and then the concepts of divergence and convergence of flow systems of air are presented. The concept of turbulent flow systems are then briefly connected to this concept; and the concepts of `oasis effect" and `clothline effect" are discussed. Equations containing energy balance in the close vicinity of the ground is presented, and the advective components in these equations are discussed. Then the physical cntent of the Penman-equation and the Penman-Monteith-equation of potential and actual evaporation is shortly presented and discussed.( Advection is not contained in these equations.) The content of an empirical statistical formula, derived by determining `potential evaporation" using measurements from pan evaporimeters, is presented and discussed. In this case an `advection term" appears, and this `advection term" is connected to the `oasis-effect" of the evaporometer, and elements of the advective weather situation are contained in the monthly variation of the statistical coefficients. The difference in scope when describing weather by `empirical statistical equtions" or by equations derived by fluid dynamical concepts is also discussed- The possibilities of including advection terms in operational use in weather systems of agro meteorology of local spatial and temporal scale is discussed. Finally ideas for modifying the definition given by WMO on `advective flow systems" is presented. References: Johannson, W., 1969, Meteorologiska elements inflytande på avdunstningen från Anderssons evaporimeter, Grunförbätring, 22, 82-105 ( in Swedish).(`The influence of the meteorological elements on the evaporation from Anderssons evaporimeter") Rosenbewrg, N.J., Blad, B.D., and Verma, S.B., 1983, Microclimate The Biological Environment, John Wile & Sons, New york, Chichester, Brisbane, Toronto, Singapore, 405 pp. International Meteorological Vocabulary,1992, WMO/ CMM/ BMO - No. 182 Thom, A.S., 1975, Momentum, Mass and Heat Exchange of Plant Communities, in `Vegetation and the Atmosphere" edeited by J. L. Montei9th, Academic Press, 278 pp
Forfattere
Sonja Sletner KlemsdalSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Sonja Sletner KlemsdalSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Sonja Sletner Klemsdal Jihong Liu ClarkeSammendrag
En rekke ulike plantearter er de senere årene blitt genetisk transformert. Overføring av nye gener eller endring av plantens egne gener, har resultert i planter med nye og forbedrede egenskaper. For planteforskningen har utvikling av genmodifiserte (GM) planter stor betydning, men skepsisen mot bruk av slike planter i landbruket er stor. Ny teknologi åpner for nye muligheter.
Forfattere
Erik LysøeSammendrag
Fusarium-toksiner i korn kan utgjøre en helserisiko for mennesker og dyr. For å kunne redusere dette problemet er det viktig å forstå hvordan soppinfeksjonen skjer og når, hvordan og hvor mye soppen produserer av de forskjellige toksinene. Det er nødvendig å utvikle gode metoder for å kunne detektere og kvantifisere toksinene, samt modeller for å kunne forutsi sannsynligheten for at kornet er kontaminert med mykotoksiner.
2006
Forfattere
Tor Håkon SivertsenSammendrag
`Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research" is the owner of a network of meteorological stations, established in 1987. 45 of the stations are measuring global radiation, hourly values. These time series are to be used as one of the input parameters for modelling UV-radiation. Also several other meteorological parameters of relevance for modelling UV-radiation are measured in this station network and discussed below. A discussion on quality of these data contains general considerations on the concept of quality, considerations on the methods for making measurements at the specific series from a few sites as well as specific quality considerations on several other available time series of meteorological parameters, like the albedo, precipitation, relative humidity of the air, temperature of the air etc. from the sites. Elements describing the sites are mentioned, like information on the horizon, the geographical coordinates etc. The availability of independent time series of measurements of ozone, cloudiness, precipitation, content of aerosol and vertical distributions of humidity to be used in models are also discussed. Modelling UV-radiation at the ground is defined as a complex problem of data integration using data from different sources. The main part of this contribution contains discussion complex data integration.