Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2016
Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Agnar Kvalbein May Bente Brurberg Trygve S. Aamlid Marina Usoltseva Karin Normann PetersenSammendrag
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Sammendrag
Myr er ein viktig naturtype med eit særeige artsmangfald. Myrene er viktige for omregulering, og dei utgjer eit stort karbonlager. I Noreg er myrarealet 28 300 km2 og utgjer 9 % av landarealet. Dette viser tal frå prosjektet «Arealrekneskap for ut- mark» som no er presentert for heile landet. I tillegg til myr kjem 9 400 km2 anna forsumpa areal i form av sumpskog, som er 3 % av landarealet. Samla forsumpa areal utgjer da 12 %.
Forfattere
Dainé Hernández-Ochandia Mayra G. Rodríguez Hernández Ileana Miranda Cabrera Ricardo HolgadoSammendrag
El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar los métodos más efecientes para la extracción de las comunidades de nematodos presentes en suelos del agrupamiento Ferralíco. Se muestrearon las localidades de Güines y San José de las Lajas, en la provincia Mayabeque, Cuba. El área seleccionada de 1 ha de suelo, se dividió en estratos y de cada uno se tomaron 100 submuestras para conformar cuatro muestras por ha. La toma de muestras se realizó en zig-zag utilizando una barrena; se colocaron en una bolsa de polietileno y se trasladaron al laboratorio de Nematología Agrícola del Centro Nacional de Sanidad Agropecuaria (CENSA).Se utilizaron lastécnicas de Embudos de Baermann, Bandejas Whitehead modificadas (en ambas con filtros de leche y gasa), así como el método de las dos botellas y la técnica de centrifugación flotación. Se procesaron 5, 25, 50, 100, 150, 250 y 350 gramos de suelo, excepto en la técnica de Embudos Barmann, donde se utilizaron 5 y 25g. Los datos del número de especímenes extraídos por muestra se procesaron mediante Análisis de Componentes Principales. Los mayores recobrados se obtuvieron con los métodos de las Bandejas de Whitehead (con ambos filtros)(100g de suelo) y el método de Centrifugación-Flotación
Forfattere
Jan Mulder Jing Zhu Peter Dörsch Longfei Yu Xiaoshan Zhang Zhangwei Wang Lei Duan Yanhui Wang Rolf David Vogt Thorjørn Larssen Jannes StolteSammendrag
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Forfattere
Claire CoutrisSammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Yordanys R. González Orelvis Portal Erik Lysøe Annarella Chea Luis Rojas Nicolai Meyling Ingeborg KlingenSammendrag
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of conventional versus organic common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) production on natural occurrence of Beauveria spp. as entophytes in bean plant tissue, from soil and as infections in stink bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), an important pest of bean in Cuba. Twenty-four organic and conventionally managed bean fields were sampled from September 2014 to April 2015 and Beauveria spp. were isolated and DNA extracted. PCR amplification of the intergenic Bloc region was performed for the identification of Beauveria species. Eighty-seven isolates were obtained from the soil samples by using the Galleria mellonella baiting technique. Further, 45 isolates were obtained from endophytic tissues of bean plant parts and 18 isolates were acquired from stink bugs. Only Beauveria bassiana was identified by DNA sequencing in this material. B. bassiana was more prevalent in soil, plant and stink bugs sampled from organic fields (41% soil, 22% plant, 9% bugs) compared to conventional fields (17% soil, 8% plant, 2% bugs). All plant parts were colonized by B. bassiana, but a significantly higher occurrence of this fungus was found in roots (9%) compared to stems (6%), leaves (4%) and pods (2%) in organic fields. In conventional fields there was a significantly higher occurrence of B. bassiana acquired from root (4%) and stem (3%) compared to leaves (1%) and pods (1%). Mating type PCR assays revealed that each of the isolates carried single mating types, with frequencies of 146/150 (MAT1) and 4/150 (MAT2), indicating limited potential for recombination. Our findings show that B. bassiana occur naturally as endophytes in bean fields in Cuba and contribute to a better ecological understanding of B. bassiana in agriculture.
Forfattere
Hadush Tsehaye Beyene May Bente Brurberg Leif Sundheim Dereje Assefa Arne Tronsmo Anne Marte TronsmoSammendrag
Fusarium species causing maize kernel rot are major threats to maize production, due to reduction in yield as well as contamination of kernels by mycotoxins that poses a health risk to humans and animals. Two-hundred maize kernel samples, collected from 20 major maize growing areas in Ethiopia were analyzed for the identity, species composition and prevalence of Fusarium species and fumonisin contamination. On average, 38 % (range: 16 to 68 %) of maize kernels were found to be contaminated by different fungal species. Total of eleven Fusarium spp. were identified based on morphological characteristics and by sequencing the partial region of translation elongation factor 1-alpha (EF-1α) gene. Fusarium verticillioides was the dominant species associated with maize kernels (42 %), followed by F. graminearum species complex (22.5 %) and F. pseudoanthophilium (13.4 %). The species composition and prevalence of Fusarium species differed among the areas investigated. Fusarium species composition was as many as eight and as few as four in some growing area. The majority of the maize samples (77 %) were found positive for fumonisin, with concentrations ranging from 25 μg kg−1 to 4500 μg kg−1 (mean: 348 μg kg−1 and median: 258 μg kg−1). Slight variation in fumonisin concentration was also observed among areas. Overall results indicate widespread occurrence of several Fusarium species and contamination by fumonisin mycotoxins. These findings are useful for intervention measures to reduce the impact of the main fungal species and their associated mycotoxins, by creating awareness and implementation of good agricultural practices.
Forfattere
Lone RossSammendrag
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