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Publikasjoner

NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.

2020

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Sammendrag

Because of generally small log piles, loading forwarders during thinning is time consuming. The Assortment Grapple, an innovative grapple with an extra pair of claws which facilitates the handling of two assortments during one loading crane cycle, has been designed to decrease forwarders’ loading time consumption. A standardized experiment was performed in a virtual thinning stand using a machine simulator with the objectives to form guidelines for working with the Assortment Grapple and to analyse its development potential. Four experienced operators participated in the study. According to the results, the Assortment Grapple’s accumulating function is beneficial only when there are no remaining trees between piles loaded during the same crane cycle. In such cases, none of participating operators lost time, and 3 of 4 operators saved time notably. The problem with the remaining trees is the extra time required to steer the crane tip around them. Therefore, a harvester should place those log piles that are later to be forwarded together in the same space with no remaining trees between the piles. Furthermore, we recommend that the Assortment Grapple’s usability will be improved by adding an own rocker switch on the forwarder’s controls to command the extra claws.

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Sammendrag

Rapporten beskriver og dokumenterer inntektsvariasjon mellom ulike grupper gårdsbruk definert ved type produksjon, geografisk plassering og bruksstørrelse. I noen grad grad trekkes også inntekts-strukturen i husholdningen og inntektsvariasjon innen gruppe inn. I den grad det har vært mulig, er årsaker til inntektsvariasjon drøftet. I tillegg er usikkerheten i målingen av arbeidsforbruk i jordbru-ket vurdert. En begrensning i prosjektet er at en ikke har hatt informasjon om størrelsen av underskudd i jord-bruksnæring. Det en har hatt informasjon om er overskuddet når dette er positivt. Bare for samlet næringsinntekt er negative overskudd observert. Datagrunnlaget for analysen omfatter 6 926 husholdninger i SSBs landbruksundersøkelse 2018 der en personlig bruker er registrert med enkeltpersonforetak. Landbruksundersøkelsen inneholder blant annet tall for arbeidsforbruk i kalenderåret 2017. Disse er supplert med inntektsdata fra husholdning-enes selvangivelser (dvs. bruker, eventuell ektefelle/samboer/partner og andre familiemedlemmer med samme bostedsadresse) og detaljerte data om enkeltvekster og husdyr fra Landbruksdirektora-tets statistikk for produksjonstilskudd i jordbruket...

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Sammendrag

Within the last decade, implementing eight key principles of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) has become mandatory for all professional users of pesticides in the European Union (EU) and European Economic Area (EEA). Meanwhile, evidence of the level of implementation is lacking. In this study, the adoption of IPM principles among Norwegian grain farmers was measured using a novel IPM index based on self-reported levels of performing IPM practices. Three IPM experts weighted the principles and practices included in the index. They found prevention and suppression to be the most important principle, followed by monitoring and decisionmaking, while pesticide selection and evaluation were deemed least important. A survey of 1250 farmers showed that the principles with the highest adoption rates were evaluation and anti-resistance strategies, while non-chemical methods and reduced pesticide use had the lowest adoption rates. The results support previous suggestions that more complex principles, requiring a larger set of practices, are less readily adopted than those that are less complex. Nevertheless, the index scores showed that most Norwegian grain farmers are extensively practicing IPM; 75% of the respondents obtained scores between 60 and 80 on a 100-point scale, with an average score of 68. In the Norwegian context, it is more relevant to discuss the varying use of IPM rather than how to increase adoption in general.