Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2010
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Side effects related to liming have been studied in four dimictic lakes (553-642 ma.s.l.; 59 degrees 57'N) in Finnemarka, a forested area in Southern Norway with poor catchment buffer capacity. Data series from lake profiles have been sampled two decades apart; 10 years prior to liming and after 10 years of liming. Water samples were collected during spring after ice breakup and during summer after the development of thermal stratification. Before liming, there were very low concentrations of bicarbonate (HCO3-; or alkalinity) in the lakes. After 10 years of liming, up to 90% of the ions in hypolimnion originate from lime products. Hence, liming strengthened the chemical stratification and increased the vertical stability. Differences in chemocline developments between lakes were explained by differences in physical properties, i.e. their depth/surface area ratio. The chemocline developments lead to increased concentrations of organic matter in the hypolimnion with a subsequent reduction in oxygen concentrations. Lime additions during late spring, as an alternative to early autumn, lead to pronounced anoxic conditions in the hypolimnion.
Forfattere
Lars Nesheim Uffe JørgensenSammendrag
In Denmark, Finland and Sweden cultivation of energy crops has been commercial for several years. In Norway there is hardly any commercial growing of agricultural crops for energy purposes. Cereal straw is to some extent used as a solid biofuel. The objective of this chapter is to give a review of the current production of different energy crops in the Nordic countries, and to present some ideas on what may be the future biofuels in these countries. The most important bioenergy crop concerning the area of cultivation is wheat for bioethanol on about 27 000 hectares in Sweden. That constitutes about 7 % of total area of wheat. There is now one factory for bioethanol production in Sweden, and two or three more plants are planned. In Finland reed canary grass is now grown on 20 000 hectares, and the energy crop may be used in about 12 power plants in bales or as fuel-mix. This crop is well suited for Finland and Northern Sweden, where the winters are cold. There is also commercial growing of reed canary grass for biofuel in Sweden, but the area is much lower than in Finland. The Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry in Finland has set a target to increase the area of energy crops to 100 000 hectares before 2016. In Sweden willow (Salix) is grown on about 13 500 hectares of agricultural land. The area is not increasing any longer, mostly due to reduced subsidies. In Denmark there is a considerable production of oil seed rape for biodiesel, but there are no adequate statistics on the oil use. In addition to the mentioned crops there is some commercial cultivation of other bioenergy crops, such as hemp, miscanthus and crops for biogas production. Phasing out fossil fuel use in the Nordic countries is a clear political focus even though the path to the goal is not yet defined in all countries. However, it seems clear that biomass will play a very significant role at least in the medium term within the next fifty years. This will be for heat and power, but also the demands for increased biofuel use in the transport sector will increase the need for biomass dramatically. First choice should be sustainable utilization of biomass residues. Growing dedicated energy crops is an option for delivering increased amounts of biomass.
Sammendrag
In terrestrial ecotoxicology there is a serious lack of data for potential hazards posed by engineered nanoparticles (ENPs). This is partly due to complex interactions between ENPs and the soil matrix, but also to the lack of suitable toxicological end points in organisms that are exposed to ENPs in a relevant manner. Earthworms are key organisms in terrestrial ecosystems, but so far only physiological end points of low sensitivity have been used in ecotoxicity studies with ENPs. We exposed the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris to silver nanoparticles and measured their impact on apoptosis in different tissues. Increased apoptotic activity was detected in a range of tissues both at acute and sublethal concentrations (down to 4 mg/kg soil). Comparing exposure in water and soil showed reduced bioavailability in soil reflected in the apoptotic response. Apoptosis appears to be a sensitive end point and potentially a powerful tool for quantifying environmental hazards of ENPs.
Sammendrag
The aim of this study is to use airborne laser scanning (ALS) data to simulate synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) elevation data [digital elevation model (DEM)] from the spatial distribution of scatterers. A Shuttle Radar Topography Mission X-band DEM data set and an ALS data set from a spruce-dominated forest area are used. A 3-D grid of voxels is made from the spatial distribution of ALS first echoes. The slant angle penetration rate of the SAR microwaves (P-SAR) is simulated to be a function of the vertical ALS penetration rate (P-ALS), i.e., P-SAR = P-ALS(4). The InSAR DEM and heights above the ground are fairly well reproduced by the simulator. A total least squares regression model between the simulated and measured InSAR DEMs has an R-2 value of 0.99 and a slope of 1 : 1. By subtracting the ALS-based terrain heights (digital terrain model), we obtained InSAR heights, which were reproduced with an R-2 value of 0.78, a slope of 0.96, and a root-mean-square error of 2.3 m. With the simulator, it was demonstrated how a disturbance event would affect the InSAR height. Unfortunately, the relationship was curvilinear and concave, which means that the method is not very sensitive to weak disturbances. This might be partly overcome by using a more vertical incidence angle of the SAR microwaves. The simulator might be used for validation or ground truthing of the InSAR data, as well as gaining understanding of how vegetation changes affect the InSAR data.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Foredrag på fagmøte i Norsk landbruksrådgiving SørØst 10/12-2010
Forfattere
Anette SundbyeSammendrag
Parkvandring og herbarium i PLV210 - 7. og 9. september 2010:Totalt 10 planter med symptom av skadedyr: Norsk og latinsk navn på skadedyr Vertplante Alternative vertplanter Beskrivelse av skaden Overvintringsstadium Tidspunkt for skaden
Forfattere
Trygve S. Aamlid Arild AndersenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Anette SundbyeSammendrag
Feltkurs PLV200 angående innsamling og beskrivelse av skadedyrsymptomer i veksthuskulturer (pensum): Veksthusspinnmidd (brekkbønne/rose) Veksthusmellus (rose) Bomullsmellus (julestjerne) Ferskenbladlus (paprika) Amerikansk blomstertrips (rose) Minerfluer Veksthussnutebille