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Publikasjoner

NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.

2011

Sammendrag

The objective was to investigate whether the concentration, composition and rumen in sacco degradability of the neutral detergent fibre fraction in forages are affected by preservation method. A mixed crop of timothy, meadow fescue and red clover was preserved as hay, direct-cut or wilted silage at succeeding developmental stages. Pure crops of timothy and perennial ryegrass were preserved as direct-cut silage only. In both grasses and mixed crops, and especially at early phenological stages, restricted silage fermentation after addition of formic acid caused considerable degradation of ash-free neutral detergent fibre (aNDFom). In direct-cut mixed and pure grass silages, the aNDFom content was 50 and 40 g/kg DM lower than in the respective fresh crops. For grasses, the indigestible proportion of aNDFom was higher in silages than in the corresponding herbage. There were few differences in fibre characteristics between restrictedly fermented silages and silages that were extensively fermented due to inoculation with lactic acid bacteria. Irrespective of crop developmental stage, wilting for silage production and drying to hay led to a considerable increase in the aNDFom content, amounting to nearly 90 g/kg DM for the grass-clover crop. The increase was possibly caused by formation of N compounds which were recovered in the degradable fraction of aNDFom and of indegradable products. Ensiling reversed effects of wilting on aNDFom. Results indicate that predictions of feed intake or structural value of forages based on total content and degradability of aNDFom may be biased by changes in the fibre fraction during preservation.

Sammendrag

En oversikt over historien til integrert plantevern i Norge. OM LMDs siste handlingsplan for redusert risiko ved bruk av plantevernmidler og målene for integrert plantevern. Om integrert plantevern i EUs direktiv om plantevernmidler fra 2009.

Sammendrag

I "Handlingsplan for redusert risiko ved bruk av plantevernmidler 2010-2014" er det lagt stor vekt på økt kunnskap hos brukere og veiledningstjenesten om rett bruk av kjemiske plantevernmidler og bekjempelsesmetoder med særlig fokus på integrert plantevern og økologisk produksjon. Videre er det vektlagt rammevilkår som skal legge til rette for optimal bruk av plantevernmidler, bl.a. gjennom hensiktsmessige kompetansekrav og et avgiftssystem som stimulerer til valg av preparater med lav risiko for helse og miljø. For å oppnå disse målene er autorisasjonsordningen en viktig kanal for opplæring og informasjon. På bakgrunn av dette ba Mattilsynet i oktober 2010 om at Bioforsk Plantehelse skulle lede et arbeid for å se på dagens autorisasjonsordning og komme med forslag til forbedringstiltak. Arbeidsgruppa som ble nedsatt i desember 2010 kommer med følgende forslag til forbedring av ordningen.

Sammendrag

This paper provides an overview of the Norwegian biomass resources for bioenergy use, bioenergy market and frame conditions through a comparison with Denmark, Finland and Sweden, which have a leading role in bioenergy production in the European Union. Although the contribution of renewable energy in Norway is among the highest in Europe (58%), mainly due to hydroelectricity, bioenergy has a low contribution to Norwegian energy supply (6%). As the experience from the other EU Member States showed, long-term, stable policies and relatively strong incentives are needed to initiate and build up a bioenergy market. In Norway, there is still a significant available potential for increasing the bioenergy contribution to the energy supply. The abundance and relatively low prices of energy (i.e. fossil fuels,  electricity), in connection with the need of high investment costs, did not favour so far bioenergy production. Additional forest biomass may be mobilised in Norwayby more intensive management of currently exploited forests. However, there are several limitations related to topography, accessibility and economics. The biomass resources and the full range of technologies available for heat or electricity generation both at small and large scale that can provide good opportunities for increased bioenergy production. The experience gained in Denmark, Finlandand Sweden may be relevant for Norway, as well as for other EU Member States, where there is a deficit of mobilization of biomass resources and insufficient industrial integration of bioenergy with other forest-based sectors.