Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2019
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Aim Root growth strategies may be critical for seeding survival and establishment under dry conditions, but these strategies and their plasticity are little known. We aim to document the ability of young grass seedlings to adjust their root system architecture, root morphology and biomass allocation to roots to promote water uptake and survival under progressive drought. Methods Seedlings growing in columns filled with sand and exposed to drought or well-watered controls were repeatedly harvested for determination of biomass fractions, root length, −architecture and -morphology in a greenhouse experiment. Allometric scaling exponents and standardised major axis regression were used to investigate allocation patterns. Results Young seedlings were able to sustain leaf turgor and functions during eight weeks of progressive drought through phenotypic plasticity of the primary root system producing deeper and simpler roots. Biomass allocation to roots decreased or did not respond, and other components of root morphology showed only moderate plasticity. Conclusion Our results suggest that morphological and architectural plasticity of the primary root system may well be key features for dehydration avoidance and survival in grass seedlings under moderate drought when allocation of biomass to roots and development of secondary roots are constrained.
Forfattere
Fernanda Canassa Fernanda C. N. Esteca Rafael A. Moral Nicolai Vitt Meyling Ingeborg Klingen Italo DelaliberaSammendrag
The effect of inoculation of strawberry roots by two entomopathogenic fungal isolates, Metarhizium robertsii (ESALQ 1622) and Beauveria bassiana (ESALQ 3375), on naturally occurring arthropod pests and plant diseases was investigated in four commercial strawberry fields during two growing seasons in Brazil. Three locations represented open-field production while strawberries were grown in low tunnels at the fourth location. Population responses of predatory mites to the fungal treatments were also assessed. Plants inoculated by the fungal isolates resulted in significantly fewer Tetranychus urticae adults compared to control plants at all four locations. The mean cumulative numbers ± SE of T. urticae per leaflet were: M. robertsii (225.6 ± 59.32), B. bassiana (206.5 ± 51.48) and control (534.1 ± 115.55) at the three open-field locations, while at the location with tunnels numbers were: M. robertsii (79.7 ± 10.02), B. bassiana (107.7 ± 26.85) and control (207.4 ± 49.90). Plants treated with B. bassiana had 50% fewer leaves damaged by Coleoptera, while there were no effects on numbers of whiteflies and thrips. Further, lower proportions of leaflets with symptoms of the foliar plant pathogenic fungi Mycosphaerella fragariae and Pestalotia longisetula were observed in the M. robertsii (4.6% and 1.3%)- and B. bassiana (6.1% and 1.3%)-treated plots compared to control plots (9.8% and 3.7%). No effect was seen on numbers of naturally occurring predatory mites. Our results suggest that both isolates tested may be used as root inoculants of strawberries to protect against foliar pests, particularly spider mites, and also against foliar plant pathogenic fungi without harming naturally occurring and beneficial predatory mites.
Forfattere
Yanliang Wang Hans LambersSammendrag
Background To improve plant phosphorus (P)-acquisition efficiency to secure sustainable food production, an important step is to increase the concentration of plantavailable P in the rhizosphere. Root exudation of organic anions is a key strategy in mobilizing less-available soil P. Scope This review covers how organic anions (carboxylates) mobilize soil P and research methodologies applied. It then discusses the root-release of organic anions induced by low P availability and their contribution to soil P mobilization and plant P acquisition, and highlights the impact, challenges and perspectives in this research area. Conclusions The release of organic anions is increased considerably in some plant species, but very little in others under low P availability. Rhizosphere organic anions play important roles in increasing plantavailable P, but the contribution is greatly affected by many factors. In future research, improved and ecologically meaningful root exudation sampling methods, the use of mature leaf manganese (Mn) concentration or total 14C exudation as a proxy for rhizosphere carboxylates, case-by-case field experiments, molecular mechanisms underpinning organic anion biosynthesis and efflux under low P availability warrant further attention. Finally, carbon costs and multiple root trait combinations (e.g., root hairs plus root exudation) should be considered in crop breeding programs to generate more P-efficient cultivars.
Forfattere
Geir-Harald StrandSammendrag
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Forfattere
Inger HansenSammendrag
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Sammendrag
I forbindelse med vegutbyggingen av Rv 4 på strekningen Gran-Jaren har NIBIO på oppdrag fra tatens vegvesen Region øst gjort etterundersøkelser av vannkjemi i berørte resipienter og i grunnvannsbrønner tilknyttet et masselager med svartskifer. For å unngå sur avrenning og metallmobilisering ved forvitring og oksidasjon av alunskifer ble massene lagret i et oksygenfritt (reduserende) miljø. Undersøkelsene har vist at lagringsforholdene har vært stabile, selv gjennom en tørr sommer med et historisk lavt grunnvannsnivå. I en samlet vurdering synes det som masselageret foreløpig fungerer som planlagt, med stabile innlagringsforhold for reaktiv svartskifer. I perioder med snøsmelting og mye nedbør kan svakt metallanriket vann fortrenges fra masselageret til Vigga-vassdraget. Samlet sett har Vigga ikke blitt vesentlig påvirket av avrenning fra anlegg, masselager og drens- og vaskevann. Det var ingen tydelige ettervirkninger av vegutbygging i Vøyenbekken, Nortangenbekken og Horgenbekken.
Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
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