Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2002
Forfattere
Ole Martin Eklo Olav Lode Randi Bolli Reidun Aspmo Gunnhild Riise Tore Krogstad Brit Salbu Johannes Deelstra Randi BolliSammendrag
In the period 1993-1996 an experimental field with application of the pesticides bentazone, MCPA and dichlorprop was carried out at Mørdre in Akershus. Samples of surface and drainage water were continuous collected from the field, which were 6 ha. The field was a part of a larger area grown with small grain. Surface water samples were collected from four small plots with different soil management. Columns from three different soil types were installed in the field, to study the movement of the pesticides in the upper soil layer. Bentazone was the most frequently found pesticide and with the highest concentrations in the surface runoff. MCPA was detected at the lowest frequency and with the lowest concentration. From the periods with water flow measurements, the pesticide runoff was less than 1 % of the amount added. The concentrations in the surface water were less than 1/10000 of the L(E)C50 - value for the most sensitive water organisms used in toxicological tests. Bentazone was found in all samples of drainage water in 1995 and 1996. In drainage water the concentrations of all pesticides were less than 1/1000 of the L(E)C50 - value for the most sensitive water organism. In the column experiment, there were no indications of accumulation of pesticides in the upper soil layer and the recovery was up to 4 % of added amount one year after the last spraying.
Forfattere
Olav Lode Eliann Egaas Torsten Källqvist Gunnhild Riise Agnethe Christiansen Ole Martin Eklo Marit Almvik Reidun Aspmo Karl Jan Aanes Bjørn Almli Tore Krogstad Quinglan Wu Brit Salbu Marit N. Pettersen Agnethe ChristiansenSammendrag
Dette er ei bok på 216 sider som er skrevet på engelsk. Den inneholder 17 artikler. Fem institusjoner står bak og 21 forfattere har bidratt. Institusjonene er Planteforsk Plantevernet, Norges landbrukshøyskole (NLH), Senter for jordfaglig miljøforskning (Jordforsk), Norsk institutt for vannforskning (NIVA) og Veterinærinstituttet. Bokens hovedformål er knyttet til miljørisiko av plantevernmidler som bindes til partikler og sedimenteres ut i vann og vassdrag. Blikket blir spesielt rettet mot to forhold: a) Beskrive fordeling og nedbryting av de utvalgte plantevernmidler i sedimenter og vannfase. Denne delen er knyttet til mobilitet, binding, utvasking, nedbryting, overflateavrenning og jordarbeiding. Både jordkolonneforsøk og feltforsøk er utført. Den andre delen b) gir en vurdering av de utvalgte partikkelbundne plantevernmidlene og deres effekter på organismer i sediment og vannfase. Arbeidet knytter seg dels til avgiftningsenzym som biomarkører hos eksponerte organismer som tanglopper, rumpetroll, sneile, meitemark,vannlopper og ørret, dels på effekter (kolonisering) på begroingsalger i førsøksrenner. Arbeidet er utført i tiden fra 1992 til og med 2002. Når det gjelder mer utførlig informasjon om resultat og oppdatert litteratur, viser vi til de respektive artiklene.
Sammendrag
Degradation and dissipation studies in laboratory and field were performed with isoproturon (IPU) to produce data for modelling the fate of an autumn applied pesticide in a Gleyic Podzoluvisol in Norway. Transformation rate studies of IPU in the laboratory displayed a half-life of 13 days in the topsoil (0-20 cm) and 21 days in the subsoil (20-40 cm) at 20 degrees C. The production of two major metabolites were also studied. In the field, less than 9% of the IPU applied leached further than 20 cm. The half-life of IPU in the field was 21 days.
Sammendrag
Isoproturon is a herbicide which is fairly soluble in water and is considered a risk compound for leaching to surface and ground water. The fungicide metalaxyl is even more water soluble than isoproturon and can be rapidly leached from sandy soil that are low in organic matter. Transformation rates of isoproturon and metalaxyl in a silty clay loam and a sandy loam from Norway have been studied in the laboratory as well as in the field. Production of the metabolites monodesmethyl-isoproturon, didesmethyl-isoproturon and the acid-metabolite of metalaxyl were also monitored.
2001
Forfattere
Eliann Egaas Agnethe Christiansen Ole Martin Eklo Olav Lode Torsten KällqvistSammendrag
Virkning av et soppmiddel på glutation transferase i gjellene til brun ørret (Salmo trutta)
Forfattere
Christian Thorstensen Agnethe ChristiansenSammendrag
Sorption-desorption kinetic and isotherm studies were performed by batch equilibrium technique in three Norwegian soils. The soils were a fine sandy loam, loam and a soil of highly decomposed organic material. Two commercially formulations were used, Triagran-P and Tilt, containing either a mixture of bentazone, dichlorprop, MCPA or propiconazole alone. Sorption/desorption equilibrium occurred within 10 h for all pesticides. The Freundlich isotherms indicated non-linear sorption of bentazone, dichlorprop, MCPA and propiconazole. Low 1/n values of all pesticides in the forest soil compared to the two agricultural soils revealed that sorption was more dependent upon concentration in the forest soil with higher percent sorption at lower concentration in the equilibrium solution. For all pesticides the highest KF values were in the soil with highest organic content and lowest pH. For the fine sandy loam and loam, which are representative Norwegian agricultural soils, the results indicate that bentazone, dichlorprop and MCPA are mobile with KF values ranging from 0.13 to 2.15 mg1-1/n kg-1 L1/n. Propiconazole is much less mobile with KF values ranging from 28.6 to 34.8 mg1-1/n kg-1 L1/n in the agricultural soils.
Forfattere
Christian Thorstensen Agnethe ChristiansenSammendrag
A method for extraction of bentazone, dichlorprop and MCPA in three selected Norwegian soils of different texture is described. Initially three different extraction methods were tested on one soil type. All methods gave recoveries > 80 % for the pesticide mixture, but extraction with sodium hydroxide in combination with solid phase preconcentration was used for further recovery tests with soils of different properties spiked at four herbicide concentration levels (0.001-10 mg/g wet soil). The method was rapid, easy and required a minimum of organic solvents. The recoveries were in the range of 82-109, 80-123 and 45-91 % for the soils containing 1.4 (Hole), 2.5 (Kroer) and 37.8 % (Froland ) organic carbon, respectively. Limits of quantification using GC-MS were 0.0003 mg/g wet soil for bentazone and 0.0001 mg/g wet soil for both dichlorprop and MCPA
Sammendrag
Field dissipation of isoproturon in a silty clay loam showed that this herbicides did not leach much below 20 cm i.e. a rapid dissipation in this layer preventedany long-term transport to deeper layers. A degradation product monodesmethyl-isoproturon seemed to be mord readily transported below the plough layer, but only at aminor concentrations.
Sammendrag
Isoproturon is fairly soluble in water and is concidered a risk compound for leaching to surface and ground water. Transformation rates of isoproturon in a silty clay loam from Norway has been studied in the laboratory aswell as in the field.
2000
Forfattere
Christian Thorstensen Olav Lode Agnethe ChristiansenSammendrag
Utvikling av en fast fase ekstraksjonsmetode for fenoksysyrer og bentazon i vann. Sammenligning med en væske væske ekstraksjonsmetode