Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2010
Sammendrag
Semi-natural grasslands and their species and populations are declining rapidly throughout Europe, bringing about a need for successful vegetation recreation methods. To maintain biodiversity and ecological services of semi-natural grasslands, we need more knowledge on the relative performance of different recreation methods. In a replicated experiment in western Norway, we evaluated two hay transfer methods (hard or light raking of local hay), sowing of local seeds and natural regeneration for recreating semi-natural grassland in a road verge. We compared treated trial plots with their respective donor plots (where hay and seeds were harvested) for three successive years by evaluating vegetation cover, species richness and species transfer rates, and vegetation dynamics analysed by Bray-Curtis compositional dissimilarity (BC) and GNMDS (Global Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling) ordination. Vegetation cover at the trial site exceeded that of donor sites in three years. Transfer rates of common species were high for seed sowing and both hay transfer procedures. Species composition in trial plots for all three treatments became significantly more similar to donor plots, but was still relatively dissimilar after three years. Natural regeneration showed a different temporal pattern and also had a higher successional rate. The species composition of the other treatments followed the same trajectory toward the donor sites as revealed by GNMDS. We found relatively small differences between the two hay transfer methods and seed sowing. Transfer of local hay therefore appears to be a successful method of establishing local species when recreating semi-natural grasslands, and is generally cheaper than using commercial local seed mixtures.
Sammendrag
Seminatural grasslands and their species and populations are declining rapidly throughout Europe, bringing about a need for successful vegetation recreation methods. To maintain biodiversity and ecological services of seminatural grasslands, we need more nowledge on the relative performance of different recreation methods. In a replicated experiment in western Norway, we evaluated two hay transfer methods (hard or light raking of local hay), sowing of local seeds and natural regeneration for recreating seminatural grassland in a road verge. We compared treated trial plots with their respective donor plots (where hay and seeds were harvested) for three successive years by evaluating vegetation cover, species richness and species transfer rates, and vegetation dynamics analysed by Bray–Curtis compositional dissimilarity (BC) and GNMDS (Global NonMetric Multidimensional Scaling) ordination. Vegetation cover at the trial site exceeded that of donor sites in three years. Transfer rates of common species were high for seed sowing and both hay transfer procedures. Species composition in trial plots for all three treatments became significantly more similar to donor plots, but was still relatively dissimilar after three years. Natural regeneration showed a different temporal pattern and also had a higher successional rate. The species composition of the other treatments followed the same trajectory toward the donor sites as revealed by GNMDS. We found relatively small differences between the two hay transfer methods and seed sowing. Transfer of local hay therefore appears to be a successful method of establishing local species when recreating seminatural grasslands, and is generally cheaper than using commercial local seed mixtures.
Sammendrag
Several places in Sogn og Fjordane county, W Norway, old pollarded trees of elm Ulmus glabra stand out as characteristic elements in the cultural landscape. These pollarded trees, which serve as habitats for many groups of organisms and are important key species in the cultural landscape, are threatened due to changes in farming management during the last century. In order to obtain more knowledge about the bryophyte flora on older elm pollards in Sogn og Fjordane county we examined two trees from each of four locations along an east-west gradient, from a strong oceanic climate in coastal areas towards slightly continental conditions further inland. Epiphytic bryophytes were recorded in three different height zones (basal, middle, and top) on the north, east, south and west sides of the trees. We looked for differences in species number (i) between the four locations, (ii) between three height zones (basal, middle and top) of the stems, and (iii) between different expositions (N, S, E and W) of the stems. We found 31 bryophyte species on the eight examined trees. No relation between geographic position and species number was found. There were significantly more species in the basal zones than in the middle zones, while there were no significant differences between the middle zones and top zones, or between the basal zones and top zones. The species number on the northern side exposition was significantly higher than on the eastern and southern sides of the stem.
Sammendrag
This study focused on a suite of vascular plant species (six herbs and two grasses) common to traditionally managed, species-rich grasslands in Western Norway. We assessed the suitability of two species transfer methods (seed sowing and soil seed bank) for restoration of species-rich grassland on a newly established road verge. We compared the species\" frequencies one and three years after they were sown on a naked, newly created road verge with their frequencies in aboveground vegetation and soil seed banks of comparable, local grasslands. Species frequencies in the aboveground vegetation differed significantly from those in the seed banks. Moreover, the frequencies in the seed banks differed from those recorded one year after sowing, and the frequencies in the aboveground vegetation differed from those recorded three years after sowing. Avenula pubescens and Knautia arvensis, found in more than 25% of the aboveground grassland plots, did not germinate from any of the seed bank samples. Festuca rubra, Galium verum, Pimpinella saxifraga and Silene vulgaris were more frequent in the aboveground plots than in the seed bank samples. Pimpinella saxifraga, Galium verum and Lychnis viscaria emerged quite well both from sown seeds and from the seed bank. Avenula pubescens was frequent in the aboveground vegetation, but did not germinate from sown seeds. Six species established well from seeds, and most increased in frequency in the sown plots from the first to the third year. No species was found in the sown plots only, but three years after sowing, three species were more frequent in the sown plots than in the aboveground vegetation of donor grassland plots. Our fine-scale, point-to-point study demonstrates that different restoration methods produce widely differing species composition even when the donor material is identical. We propose that different substrates and a combination of establishment methods (sowing and hay transfer) are needed as supplements to seed banks to re-establish species-rich grassland.
Sammendrag
Vegetasjonsovervåkingen i granskog ble etablert ved Norsk institutt for jord- og skogkartlegging (fra 2006: Norsk institutt for skog og landskap) i 1988. Samme år ble det også etablert tilsvarende overvåking i Solhomfjell-området (Gjerstad, Aust-Agder) i regi av Universitetet i Oslo/Miljøverndepartementet. I regi av Norsk institutt for jord- og skogkartlegging ble det etablert og analysert to områder pr år fra 1988 til 1992, til sammen 10 områder. Prøveflatene i Gutulia ble første gang analysert i 1989. Etter 2004 har Direktoratet for naturforvaltning finansiert vegetasjonsovervåkingen i granskog gjennom TOV-programmet, men i noe redusert omfang. Metodene for overvåkingen av markvegetasjon ble i 1988 utviklet for å overvåke effekter av langtransportert luftforurensing, men har også vist seg godt egnet til å fange opp effekter av klimaendringer på markvegetasjonen. De permanente vegetasjonsflatene i Gutulia har tidligere vært analysert i 1989, 1994, 1999, og 2004 (femårig omløpstid). Reanalyseringen i 2009 var således 5. gangs analyse av disse prøveflatene....
Sammendrag
The primary objective of this research was to make a first evaluation of Hydrolysed Salmon Protein (HSP 15-1-2), a by-product from Norwegian fishing industry, as liquid fertilizer for turfgrass grow-in and maintenance. HSP 15-1-2 was compared, either alone or in combination with Superba Gul 4-4-20, with four other liquid fertilizers / combinations: (1) Calcinit (Ca NO3)2) + Superba Gul 4-4-20; (2) Arena Crystal 19-2-15, (3) Flex 10-0-8 and (4) Plant Marvel 28-8-18 / 15-0-15. The fertilizers were compared in two greenhouse experiments growing Agrostis stolonifera on columns filled with 30 cm USGA-spec. sand above gravel. In expt. 1 the products were compared at two irrigation levels (1 x ET and 2x ET) during turfgrass grow-in; in Expt. 2 as maintenance fertilizer to established turf at weekly rates of 0.05 and 0.1 kg N/100m2. HSP resulted in better turfgrass quality when applied together with Superba Gul than when given as the only fertilizer. Plant Marvel produced the best turfgrass quality in the maintenance experiment.
Sammendrag
UMB utarbeidet i 2007 en rapport for Follo Ren hvor man utredet mulighetene for behandling av organisk avfall fra Follo og Indre Østfold Renovasjon sammen med husdyrgjødsel fra UMB og nærliggende gårder i en biogassprosess. Det ble foreslått at matavfallet ble samlet inn sammen med restavfallet og sortert etter Ludvikametoden. Bioforsk ble bedt om å se på mulighetene for å benytte en forventet biorest fra denne prosessen til landbruksformål, og har på denne bakgrunn utarbeidet denne rapporten. Rapporten omhandler kun våte biogassprosesser, ikke tørre prosesser og vurderingen er gjort på grunnlag av kun et lite antall prøver. Tungmetallinnholdet i mellomproduktet rett etter Ludvikabehandlingen var lavt og holdt kvalitetsklasse 0 og I i henhold til gjødselvareforskriften, mens biogasspotensialet var høyt. En biogass-behandling av dette materialet vil imidlertid kunne øke konsentrasjonen av tungmetaller. På denne bakgrunn konkluderes det med at produktet man får etter behandling i Ludvikaprosessen vil kunne danne et egnet gjødselprodukt i en våt biogassprosess under forutsetning av at bioresten lar seg oppkonsentrere med hensyn til næringssalter mens konsentrasjonen av tungmetaller holdes innenfor gjødselvareforskriftens krav, og videre at innholdet av organiske miljøgifter er lavt. Det er også en forutsetning at man klarer å redusere innholdet av fremmedlegemer i den ferdige bioresten, noe FolloRen mener å kunne løse gjennom prosesstekniske forbedringer. Dersom man ikke oppkonsentrerer sluttproduktet med hensyn til næringssalter, vil det alternativt kunne benyttes som et jordforbedringsmiddel.Man bør være oppmerksom på at det foreligger en skepsis til sentralsortering av matavfall fra husholdningene som utgangspunkt for gjødsel og jordforbedringsmidler til matproduksjon, dersom matavfallet behandles sammen med det som oppfattes som restavfall. Dette kan skape betydelige utfordringer med hensyn til avsetning av restproduktene til landbruksformål, og det anbefales at det i denne sammenheng utføres en egen risikoanalyse. Dersom begrepet husholdningsavfall benyttes, bør forskjellen mellom hva som ligger i begrepet restavfall og husholdningsavfall avklares. En egen "dunk" for restavfall hos abonnentene vil kunne løse dette problemet.
Rapport – Bruk av avfallsbaserte produkter ved etablering av grøntarealer
Trond Haraldsen, Anne Bøen
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
The liquid fertilizers (1) Calcinit (Ca NO3)2)+ Superba, (2) Arena Crystal, (3) Flex, (4) Plant Marvel, (5) Sea Power and (6) Sea Power + Superba were evaluated in two greenhouse experiments growing Agrostis stolonifera on columns filled with 30 cm USGA-spec. sand (ignition loss 1.4%, pH (H20) 5.6, CEC 2.7 meq/100 g dry soil) over 10 cm gravel. In expt. 1 the products were compared at weekly rates of 0.1 and 0.2 kg N/100m2 combined with two irrigation levels (1 x ET and 2x ET) during an 8 wk grow-in period; in expt. 2 as maintenance fertilizer to established turf at weekly rates of 0.05 and 0.1 kg N/100m2. Based on weekly determination of visual turfgrass quality and clipping yields, the ranking of fertilizers in the grow-in trial were Sea Power + Superba > Sea Power > Plant Marvel = Flex > Arena Crystal > Calcinit + Superba. Given as maintenance fertilizer, Plant Marvel and Arena Crystal gave higher visual quality and less invasion of moss than Sea Power, the other fertilizers producing results that were not significantly different. The results are discussed in relation to nitrogen form and the content of other nutrients in the various products.