Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2007
Sammendrag
Occurrence of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) have been reported from all continents in the world except Antarctica. Africa is the continent with fewest reports so far. There have however been reports on EPNs occurrence in Egypt, Kenya and South Africa. EPNs are well known due to their potential as biological control agents of insect pests. Banana weevil (Cosmopolites sordidus) is as an important insect pest of banana. This pest causes reduced banana production in all countries of the East African Highlands in particular Tanzania and Uganda. Different strategies have been employed to control the insect. However the potential for using entomopathogenic nematodes as biological control agents of the weevil has not yet been considered in Tanzania. A preliminary study is ongoing to find out if entomopathogenic nematodes naturally exist in banana growing areas in Tanzania. Currently nine soil samples have been collected from three regions (Mbeya, Morogoro and Coast) with different agroecological conditions. The samples have been taken to Bioforsk in Norway, for extraction of EPNs. Analysis of the samples has been done using larvae of the Greater Wax moth (Galleria mellonella) as bait. After 7 and 14 days dead larvae were removed from the soil samples and placed on water agar. Some of the dead larvae were infected with entomopathogenic fungi and at least one sample had a dead larva with EPN infection. In this sample an adult nematode in the genus Steinernema was isolated. Many dead larvae also had what appeared to be secondary infections of saprophytic nematodes (Rhabditidae) and/or saprophytic fungi. Identification to species or genus level of the nematodes is ongoing. This study reports the find of EPNs for the first time in Tanzania. The isolation of indigenous EPNs are important for further studies on their suitability for control of local insect pests including banana weevils. Future work will include more soil samples for EPNs analysis and semi-field tests using EPNs against banana weevil.
Forfattere
Sverre KobroSammendrag
Seven species of fungivorous thrips, Acanthothrips nodicornis, Bolothrips dentipes, Cryptothrips nigripes, Hoplandrothrips bidens, Phlaeothrips annulipes, Phlaeothrips coriaceus and Xylaplothrips fuliginosus were collected from dead branches of birch. Despite previously being regarded as rare, P. annulipes was abundant in large numbers, but only the first year after the branches had died. Accordingly, P. annulipes perform only one generation on one branch, and have to move to another recently died branch to perform the next.
Forfattere
Richard MeadowSammendrag
The practice of IPM in horticultural crops in Europe in the last half of the 20th century has primarily consisted of fine-tuning the use of pesticides to avoid unnecessary applications. This has led to benefits for growers, consumers and the environment. Many of the fundamental tools for this practice, the synthetic pesticides, are rapidly disappearing from the European market. At the same time, consumers are making clear choices for produce that is not treated with these pesticides. Most of the new pesticides that have appeared in the last decade, and pesticides currently under development, are less effective and/or less long-lasting in the field. These factors have been a driving force in the development of new methods of approaching pest problems in horticultural crops. There is little indication that any method alone will solve pest problems in a cropping situation.
Forfattere
Trond HofsvangSammendrag
Her gis en oversikt over en del sommerfuglarter som formerer seg lenger sørover i Europa, men som enkelte år migrerer nordover til Norge i store mengder.
Sammendrag
Foredraget presenterer resultater fra forsøk der virkningen av kontinuerlig belysning på fekunditet, utvikling og overlevelse hos veksthusmellus (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) ble undersøkt.
Forfattere
Nina TrandemSammendrag
Temaer som ble tatt opp var. 1. Skadedyr i tunnelbær - en miks av faste og tilfeldige "gjester" 2. Skadedyrmidler godkjent i tunnel (stort sett ingen, bortsett fra Calypso -tiakloprid) 3. En liten advarsel om at ensidig satsing på sorten Glen Ample på sikt kan føre til mange plantevernproblemer 4. Nytt prosjekt innen dyrking av økologiske bringebær i tunnel, der vi innen delprosjekt om plantevern forsker på tre alternative tiltak mot skadegjørere: Massefangst av bringebærbille, utgjerding av større skadedyr, olje/såpesprøyting mot små skadedyr.
Sammendrag
Foredraget oppsummerte norske erfaringer med feller og luktstoff for bringebærbille utviklet ved SCRI i Skottland. Det blir senere publisert i Proceedings fra møtet (i IOBC/wprs Bulletin)
Forfattere
Nina TrandemSammendrag
Artikkelen oppsummerer det vi vet om den agronomiske virkningen av Vertimec (abamektin) som nylig ble godkjent mot jordbærmidd
Sammendrag
Vi har prøvd ut engelske feromonfeller for bringebærbarkgallmygg i to vestlandske bringebærfelt. Fellene fanget godt, og resultatene tyder på tre generasjoner for gallmyggen i 2007.
Sammendrag
Neozygites floridana is an important natural enemy of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae. Pesticides used in strawberries that might affect the conservation and enhancement of this beneficial fungus were therefore studied. This was done in a laboratory study by letting non-inoculated (healthy) mites and mites inoculated with N. floridana feed on strawberry leaf disks treated with one of the following pesticides: the fungicides tolylfluanid, fenhexamid or cyprodinil + fludioxonil or the acaricide/insecticide/molluscicide methiocarb. The effect of these pesticides on mortality and egg production of T. urticae and on the killing capacity and sporulation of N. floridana were determined. Tolylfluanid increased the mortality of non-inoculated mites (75.3%) compared to the non-inoculated control (27.5%). Methiocarb also killed non-inoculated mites. Fenhexamid did not have any effect on the mortality of non-inoculated mites (19.2%), neither had cyprodinil + fludioxonil (19.1%). Tolylfluanid did not reduce the mortality of mites inoculated with N. floridana (89.3%) compared to the inoculated control (80.0%). Neither did methiocarb, it rather increased the mortality of inoculated mites (93.2%). Fenhexamid did, however, reduce the mortality of inoculated mites (66.7%). The same was true for cyprodinil + fludioxonil (48.7%). In addition, cyprodinil + fludioxonil increased the time to death of inoculated mites (6.69 days) compared to the control (6.10 days), and inhibited sporulation of N. floridana (7.9% sporulation) compared to the control (42.4% sporulation). Tolylfluanid also reduced sporulation of N. floridana (15.5% sporulation). Results from this study indicate that the use of the fungicides tested will potentially reduce the survival and efficacy of the natural enemy N. floridana in the field.