Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2003
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Anne-Grete Buseth BlankenbergSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
N. SyversenSammendrag
Vegetasjonssoners renseeffekt på overflateavrenning fra jordbruksarealer er undersøkt i to forsøksfelt med 5 og 10 m brede vegetasjonssoner bestående av gras i leirjordsområder på Østlandet. Renseeffekten viste ingen nedadgående trend i perioden 1992-2003 for fosfor, partikler og organisk materiale, mens renseeffekten for nitrogen ble redusert over tid. Det var ingen forskjell i renseeffekt gjennom vegetasjonssona om tilførselsarealet til sona lå brakk eller var i omløp med korn. Enkeltepisoder har stor betydning for renseeffekten samme år. Det var en større andel organisk materiale og silt- og sandpartikler som ble tilbakeholdt i vegetasjonssona enn det som rant gjennom sona. Noe leirpartikler sedimenterte også i vegetasjonssona, sannsynligvis som aggregater. 80-90 % av overflateavrenningen skjer om vinteren. Andelen overflatevann i forhold til total avrenning utgjør trolig opp mot 50 %, noe som gjør vegetasjonssoner til et viktig tiltak for å redusere totalt stofftap fra jordbruksområder. Det er ingen forskjell i renseeffekt i % mellom sommer og vinter. Økende mengde partikler inn i sona, viste større tilbakeholdelse av partikler. Renseeffekten varierte fra 60-90 % for fosfor, nitrogen, partikler og organisk materiale.
Forfattere
Ketil HaarstadSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
O. NordalSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Hans Olav EggestadSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Summary (English) Pharmaceuticals such as ibuprofen, carbamacepin and naproxen and the endocrine disrupters bisphenol A and nonylphenol are found in leachates from Norwegian municipal landfills. Ibuprofen and the musk compounds tonalid and galaxolide were found in all samples, but the concentration in the old, inactive part of the landfill was particularly high. The endocrine distruptors bisphenol A and nonylphenol were also detected in all samples, and the concentrations in two water samples taken downstream the landfill, were in the same range as found in the old part. The PAHs found in the leachates were methyl substituted naphtahalen, biphenyl, acenapthylene, acenapthene, fluorene and phenanthrene. All samples were filtrated (< 0,5 ?m) before analysis. Filtrates from two wells were analyzed to measure transportable organic pollutants. Most of the PAH compounds were detected both in filtrate of water sample from the new, active part of the landfill and filtrate of influent water to the treatment plant which is located 200 m downstream the landfill. This was also the case for the polycyclic musk compounds and bisphenol A. Nonylphenol was detected only in the filtrate from samples in the new landfill.
Forfattere
Thomas HartnikSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Marianne BechmannSammendrag
The aim of a P index for Norway is to localize fields where measures should be implemented. In contrast to general implementation of measures this will affect only fields with a high risk of P loss and thus, do not put substantial restrictions on fields, which do only have marginal impact on water quality. The P index has been adapted to different geographic regions throughout the U.S.A. If properly constructed, the P index concept may be a valuable tool for managing P losses from agricultural landscapes in Norway. Analysis of existing data that describes the relationship between P loss and site-specific factors is needed for selection of appropriate factors, ratings and weightings for a geographically adapted P index. This review suggests that P-AL may be used as a factor for soil P content, though the relationship between P-AL and runoff of dissolved P needs further investigation. The special factors related to cold climate needs to be evaluated for the P application factor, e.g. release of soluble P from frozen plant residues. The P application factor also needs to be adapted to local methods of P application, including both incorporation of manure on arable land, surface application on pastures and grazed land. The Norwegian erosion risk mapping may form a basis for the erosion factor, though some additional estimates needs to be developed, e.g. the concentrated flow erosion and differences in erosion caused by aspect. A factor for runoff generation may consist of hydraulic conductivity and amount of precipitation. Tile draining creates a need for evaluation of the factor for P loss through subsurface drainage. The connectivity factor is most important for surface runoff, since subsurface water is usually connected to the stream by tiles. The water quality of a recipient in addition to diffuse agricultural pollution depends on the existence of agricultural point sources. Evaluation of the possibilities for using the P index concept in Norway includes an assessment of how many indices are needed to represent the differences in conditions of different areas. The development of P indices represents an easy means of identifying and rank the risk of areas within a catchment as to their vulnerability to P loss.