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Publikasjoner

NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.

2005

Abstract

Elements of the quality concept of meteorological and biological quantitative data sets are presented. Several examples of implementation of a documentation system of parameters in a web-based application for administration of meteorological and biological data sets are discussed. Both series derived from model calculations as well as historical series coming from measuring systems and monitoring systems are presented, but at the moment only pure meteorological series are implemented. The system is containing three levels, and the proposed system for using certain sets of attributes is derived from the concept of quality of data first presented. Automated procedures for the control of measured meteorological data sets from a meteorological station network are shortly presented. The idea of regarding such control procedures not primarily as control of the parameter values, but as control of the equipment for making the measurements, is discussed. A system for storage of the data in the different time series is discussed, and this system is also compared to another system. Finally the future use of data series stored in a similar way is discussed.

Abstract

The joint network of tree crown condition monitoring under the EU and ICP Forests operates at two levels, a systematic extensive approach (Level I) based on a 16 km x 16 km trans-national grid of sample plots (>6000 plots) and an intensive approach (Level II) on more than 800 plots across continental Europe. Three ongoing projects embrace the different levels of monitoring, the above mentioned Level I and Level II systems, and the National Forest Inventories (NFIs). All of the three projects are based on a stand structure approach that assumes an increased potential for species diversity with increasing complexity of stand structure. An intensive test-phase of forest biodiversity assessment at more than 100 Level II plots, known as ForestBIOTA is underway during 2005. This project aims to test standardized methods of forest biodiversity assessment in the field and examine the relationship between stand structure, forest deadwood, ground vegetation and epiphytic lichens. A forest classification of the plots is also included. A separate approach, known as BioSoil (due to its combination with a detailed chemical inventory of the soils) is a demonstration project which aims to record indicators of forest biodiversity at the extensive Level I plots. Practical measures of stand structure, including records of tree species, lists of vascular plant species, and simple measures of forest deadwood are included for field assessment during 2006. A pan-European forest type classification elaborating on the EUNIS system and including the Natura 2000 habitat types is proposed. These initiatives are linked to a third project, COMON, operating at the level of the National Forest Inventories aiming to test the same core variables at national levels.

Abstract

Soil nematodes are important components of soil ecosystems, but have so far received little attention in organic farming. Many free-living nematodes are important for decomposition and mineralization processes, and it is estimated that the nematode grassing of bacteria would mobilise up to 124 kg N ha-1yr "1. Furthermore, their feeding activities on the rhizoplane may reduce microbiological immobilisation of nitrogen. In organic farming the use of clover and other nitrogen fixating legumes is important for securing appropriate nitrogen levels. Clover is an excellent host for a wide range of plant parasitic nematodes. In organic farming damage has so far been reported for root lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus spp,), clover cyst nematode (Heterodera trifolii) and the northern root knot nematode (Meloidogyne hapla). Nematode monitoring is a prerequisite for management. Effective control measures of plant parasitic nematodes and good management systems for beneficial nematodes would allow for increasing yields and improved quality. Organic farming puts new challenges to the science of nematology, and would profit from a close interaction between nematology and soil science.

Abstract

Et prosjekt (2002-2005) har blant annet som mål å forbedre eksisterende sprøyteutstyr i jordbær. Væskefordeling, avsatt mengde og dråpedekkevne er estimert visuelt ved bruk av et overflatefluoriserende stoff, Lumogen. I tillegg er det brukt et fluorescerende stoff, Fluorescein, for måling av væskekonsentrasjon og mengdeanalyse ved hjelp av et fluorometer. Væskemengden økte i løpet av sesongen tilnærmet proporsjonalt med bladmassen. Det ble brukt tre dyser per rad ved første og andre sprøytetidspunkt og fem dyser per rad ved siste tidspunkt. Den eksisterende LTI-bommen viste bedre resultater i 2004 enn i 2003, mens Klip Klap sprøyten viste noe under gjennomsnittet. Dyser med en toppvinkel på 65 og 800 ved 0,5 MPa og 100 til 200 mm avstand til de nærmeste bladene viste gjennomgående gode resultater, spesielt med tanke på analysert avsatt mengde. Bruk av AI (Air Injection)- og DG (Drift Guard) dyser gav et gjennomsnittlig visuelt resultat, men en lavere analysert avsetning. Slike dyser kan likevel være aktuelle å kombinere, der en er ekstra utsatt for avdrift av væske. Prosjektet fortsetter ut 2005.

Abstract

The potential as indicators of species richness were investigated for 178 species belonging to six ecologically defined species groups (epiphytic bryophytes on nutrient-rich bark, epiphytic macrolichens on nutrient rich bark, pendant lichens on conifer trees, bryophytes on siliceous rocks, bryophytes on dead conifer wood, and polypore fungi on dead conifer wood), using species data from 0.25 ha plots from three different coniferous forest areas (ca. 200 ha each). A species was defined as a potential indicator species for a species group within a study area if its distribution was statistically significantly nested within the species-plot matrix ranked according to species richness, and if the plot frequency of the species was less than 25%. Only two species were identified as potential indicators within all three areas and on average ≈80% of the potential indicator species were lost from one area to another. The results indicate that inconsistency between areas in the species’ frequency distributions and their position in nested hierarchies may strongly reduce the general predictive power of indicator species of species richness, even if significantly nested patterns are found at the community level. We suggest that indicators related to amount and quality of habitats may be an alternative to lists of indicator species of species richness.

Abstract

Plantene har et forsvarssystem som blir aktivert når de gjenkjenner en angripende sjukdomsorganisme. Resistens mot sjukdommer kan også induseres eller aktiveres i planter når de utsettes for ulike typer av stress eller etter behandling med forskjellige stoffer (forsvarsaktivatorer eller elicitorer). Slike stoffer kan være syntetisk fremstilt eller ha en biologisk opprinnelse. I et prosjekt ved Planteforsk Plantevernet, ble ulike stoffer og preparater som antas å kunne indusere resistens i planter, undersøkt for deres evne til å redusere utvikling av Fusarium i aks av høsthvete. Stoffene ble valgt ut på grunnlag av resultater fra et forforsøk. I forforsøket ble frøplanter av høsthvete behandlet med ulike stoffer og deretter ble sjukdomsutvikling på bladsegmenter fra de behandlede plantene undersøkt etter inokulering med Microdochium nivale. Et bladgjødslingspreparat ga tydelig redusert utvikling av M. nivale i forforsøket. Det samme preparatet ga også reduksjon i utvikling av aksfusariose i veksthus- og feltforsøket ved behandling en uke før blomstring og inokulering med F. culmorum. I felt hadde høstet korn fra planter som var behandlet med det samme preparatet inntil 75% reduksjon i grad av Fusarium-infeksjon sammenlignet med korn fra ubehandlede planter.