Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2011
Forfattere
Grete Helen Meisfjord Jørgensen Knut Egil BøeSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Cecilie Marie Mejdell Grete Helen Meisfjord Jørgensen Therese Rehn Linda J Keeling Kjersti Elisabeth Fremstad Knut Egil BøeSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Cecilie Marie Mejdell Grete Helen Meisfjord Jørgensen Therese Rehn Linda J Keeling Knut Egil BøeSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Grete Helen Meisfjord Jørgensen Knut Egil BøeSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
grete h m jørgensenSammendrag
Paddock size and enrichment - the effects on horse behavior Grete H.M. Jørgensen1 and Knut E. Bøe2 1Bioforsk Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research, 8860 Tjøtta 2Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, UMB, 1430 ås Corresponding author: +47 40 76 67 69 e-mail grete.jorgensen@bioforsk.no New regulations for horse keeping in 2005 suggested a paddock size of at least 300 m2 per horse and that every horse should have at least 2 hours turnout per day. Some of this time could however be replaced with forced exercise if the horse was kept in a box and not in a tie-stall. Whether this paddock size is large enough and how exercise affects horse behavior and activity during turnout has not been studied in detail. Horses are very motivated for social contact and several stereotypic behaviours like waving and pacing could be related to frustration and the wish for contact with conspecifics. Many commercial products for environmental enrichments are now available, both with the aim to reduce boredom and to keep horses occupied in harmless activities when kept individually. How horses use such "toys" is however scarcely studied. We performed several studies to investigate issues related to paddocks and turnout. Our results show that horses were more active in large paddocks (10 x 45m), spending less time standing and more time walking, exploring and eating grass from under the fence than in small (10 x 15m) and medium sized paddocks (10 x 30m). Horses in the large paddocks also travelled a longer distance than in the small and medium paddock size. When kept in individual paddocks, the dominating behaviours during turnout were standing (51.5% of tot obs) and eating grass from under the fence (27.1%). Horses that were exercised daily for 45 minutes in a walking pace became more passive, spending more time standing (52.9%) and less time walking (5.1%) during turnout, compared to when not exercised (standing: 44.4%; walking: 9.2%). When kept in groups the same horses spent only 5.3% of their time standing and 74.4% of their time eating grass from under the fence. This is probably an effect of social facilitation. Very few incidents of aggressive interactions were recorded when the horses were kept in social groups, but bouts of social grooming were observed. The items that were edible (straw, ball filled with concentrates, branches) received the most attention from the horses regardless of being kept individually or in groups. Straw and a ball filled with concentrates were the most popular items. Peat, a plastic ball and a cone were investigated less than 0.5% of total observations. A scratching pole was used (1.7 - 2.2% of tot obs), but due to horses using it in rather short intervals, it was difficult to catch all events with our recording methods. The ability to eat grass was more important for reducing passive standing than the access to items, both for horses kept individually (correlation between eating grass and passive standing R=-0.97; P
Forfattere
Elke Hartmann Yezica Norling Margareta Rundgren Eva Søndergaard Janne Winther Christensen Grete Helen Meisfjord Jørgensen Knut Egil Bøe Cecilie Marie Mejdell Seppo Hyyppä Susanne Särkijärvi Jan Ladewig Linda J KeelingSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Knut Egil Bøe Knut Egil BøeSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
grete h m jørgensen K. M. BøeSammendrag
Housing of horses in Norway - an overview Grete H.M. Jørgensen1 and Knut E. Bøe2 1Bioforsk, National Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research, Tjøtta Norway2Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, UMB, ås Norway Corresponding author: +47 40 76 67 69 e-mail grete.jorgensen@bioforsk.no Similar to the National regulations for cattle, poultry and pigs the Norwegian regulation for the welfare of horses also states that horse owners should facilitate social contact for their horses. Nevertheless, it is quite common that horses are kept individually or even isolated from others throughout the year. Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases are an increasing problem in the horse population and bad air quality in stables may contribute largely to this disease. Stables with fewer than ten horses do not have to register with the National Food Safety Authorities, and a public register of stables is not available. The aim of this study was therefore to provide an overview of the current management and living conditions for trotting horses in Norway. We wanted to focus both on the outdoor and indoor environment and investigate which ventilation systems that are commonly used in stable buildings. With help from the National Trotting Association (DNT) we sent out a questionnaire to members of their local branches in order to ensure answers from all areas of Norway. In each local branch we selected four to five stables after the following criteria: one small stable with 1-2 horses, to or three medium sized stables with 3-10 horses and the largest stable in that area. The questionnaire consisted of 32 questions divided into four subcategories: management, stable environment, ventilation and outdoor areas and paddocks. 275 (61%) of the 442 initial questionnaires were returned. Seven of these were however disregarded due to incomplete answers. The results were therefore finally based on 268 stables, 38 small stables (1-2 horses), 164 medium sized stables (3-10 horses) and 60 large stables (>10 horses). The data included over 2400 horses. More than half of the stable buildings had earlier been used for other purposes (56.4%). The majority of the stable buildings were insulated (83.6%), while a few had non-insulated stables (10.1%) or shelters with three walls and a roof (1.1%). Most stables had mechanical ventilation with a fan (49.6%), while 38.4% indicated that their stable had natural ventilation. Among the stable owners that indicated having natural ventilation in the stable, only 23.1% (8.9% of all stables) had non-insulated buildings and ventilation through adjustable openings, while 76.9% (29.8%) had insulated buildings and ensured airflow through opening doors and windows. A total lack of ventilation was indicated by 4.9% of the stable owners while 0.4% did not know what type of ventilation the stable had. In addition to this, 2.6% of the stable owners had most of their horses in 24 hour loose housing outdoors with open shelters and a ventilation system was therefore not necessary. Individual housing in boxes indoors dominated (84% of all stables), while very few horses were kept in outdoor boxes (1.1%). Other housing methods were tie-stalls 1.5%), 24 hour loose housing outdoors (3.4%), both tie-stalls and individual boxes (6.0%) and tie-stalls or boxes combined with group housing or several horses in the same box (1.1%). Six of the 38 small stables had only one horse which consequently was kept alone, while 34% of the small stables kept their horses in separate paddocks. Only 15% of the medium sized stables kept the horses in individual paddocks and 80.4% kept two or more horses together during turn-out. Ninety percent of the large stables indicated that they allowed two or more horses to share paddocks during turn-out. In conclusion, Norwegian trotting horses are mainly housed in individual boxes indoors and many stables have a ventilation system that does not work properly. Most trotting horses have access to a paddock or pasture on a daily basis. Housing and management of horses in other disciplines should also be investigated.
2009
Sammendrag
Geiter har en utpreget sosial motivasjon og setter pris på stabilitet i sitt sosiale miljø. Plasskrav, fortildeling og gruppestørrelse er viktige faktorer som alle påvirker aggresjonsnivået og harmonien i en flokk, og som derfor også kan påvirke produksjonen på lang sikt.