Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2008
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Sissel Hansen Marina A. Bleken Bishal SitaulaSammendrag
The effects of fertilization and tractor traffic on N2O emission and CH4 uptake in an agricultural soil were studied in a long-term field trial with different fertilization and soil compaction. The soil was a well-drained sandy loam and the crop rotation was rich in leys and legumes adapted to organic farming practise. The fertilization treatments reported here are: Conventional fertilization practise; compound fertilizer with NH4NO3 (NPK), cattle slurry high, cattle slurry level adjusted to organic fertilization practise (CSO), and an unfertilized treatment. The soil was experimentally compacted by two passes with a tractor, wheel by wheel, shortly before fertilization. Gas fluxes at the soil surface were measured by the soil cover method. Conventional fertilization practise (NPK) resulted in 2.1 to 3.4 times higher N2O emissions than with CSO in uncompacted and compacted soil, respectively, in year 7, and 1.0 and 3.0 times higher in year 9. The accumulated CH4 uptake was reduced by 52 % by soil compaction, 50 % on average by fertilization, and 78 % by soil compaction and fertilization combined. Fertilization with NH4NO3 or cattle slurry had similar effects.
Forfattere
Sissel Hansen Marina Azzaroli Bleken Bishal K. SitaulaSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
A publication has been made by Bioforsk in order to survey the subject of urban green areas and human health and well-being from different perspectives. One important reason for doing such a survey in Norway is to show the government how important the urban green areas are. Bioforsk have several areas that may contribute to a better use of the resources used in Norewegian urban green areas. The institute is developing effective and sustainable strategies for controlling weeds and deceases on plant materials. There is also focus on the design and use of urban soils and how to manage urban green areas in order to obtain good quality and low resource input.
Forfattere
Asrun Elmarsdottir Arne Fjellberg Gudmundur Halldórsson Maria Ingimarsdottir Olafur K. Nielsen Per Holm Nygaard Bjarni D. SigurdssonSammendrag
Recently, there has been increased emphasis on conserving biodiversity, threatened habitats and ecosystems in the Nordic countries. The Nordic countries have signed the Convention on Biological Diversity, thus embracing the target of halting the decline in biodiversity by the year 2010. Therefore it is important to identify the effects that afforestation has on biodiversity and the functioning of ecosystems......
Forfattere
Bernt-Håvard Øyen Per Holm NygaardSammendrag
From the first plantings and experiences in the afforestation areas in West and North Norway it became evident that there was a large potential for increasing the yield by changing tree species, especially from mismanaged broadleaves and pine to dense spruce plantations. The focal point in this chapter will therefore be the experience in Norway, with some examplesfrom other countries.....
Sammendrag
A 2 x 2 factorial continuous experiment was conducted with 28 Norwegian Red dairy cows in early lactation to compare milk content of phytoestrogens when feeding ad libitum white clover (WCS) or red clover (RCS) grass silages prepared from the second and third cut without and with 10 kg/d supplementation of a standard concentrate. The cows were offered either RCS or WCS for 88 d (period 1) and thereafter a mixed red clover-white clover-grass silage for 48 d (period 2). Total dry matter intake and milk yield were not affected by forage type but increased with concentrate supplementation. Intake of isoflavones was several times greater in RCS than in WCS, whereas intake of lignans was greater in WCS. Concentrate supplementation reduced the intake of most phytoestrogens. Compared with WCS, RCS diets yielded milk with a greater content of flavonoids, whereas milk from WCS diets had greater contents of the mammalian lignans enterodiol and enterolactone. The content of the isoflavan equol was particularly high in RCS diets. There was no apparent carryover effect of clover type on milk phytoestrogen content because there was no difference in content between the silage treatments 3 wk after the cows were transferred to the same silage diet (period 2). Concentrate supplementation reduced the milk contents of the flavonoids equol, biochanin A, and daidzein and increased the content of mammalian lignans. The effects of silage type and concentrate supplementation on milk contents of the individual phytoestrogens were related to the intake of the compound or its precursor, except for the effect of concentrate on mammalian lignans, for which the intake of the known precursors was also reduced. Overall, this study shows that feeding cows with silage containing red clover increases the milk content of flavonoids at both low and high concentrate supplementation levels, and decreases the content of nonflavonoids such as mammalian lignans, when compared with silage containing white clover. The increased content of phytoestrogens in milk may be important when the health benefits of milk are studied.
Sammendrag
In order to improve the basis for utilizing white clover (Trifolium repens L) in northern agriculture, we studied the effects of defoliation intensity on spring growth in a sub-arctic climate in relation to carbohydrate and nodule status. White clover plants (cv Snowy) were studied in a pot experiment in the field on the coast of northern Norway from spring 2001 until spring 2002. The experiment was repeated with some modifications from spring 2002 until spring 2003. During the growing season from summer to autumn, the plants were totally stripped of leaves down to the stolon, cut at four or seven cm height or left undisturbed. The plants were sampled destructively in autumn, early spring and late spring and sorted into leaves, stolons and roots. The plant material was weighed and analysed for carbohydrate reserves and nodule number. Defoliation during the growing season resulted in reduced concentration of reserve carbohydrates in autumn and reduced winter survival of the stolons. The most severe defoliation treatment reduced the herbage growth in spring. In contrast, the two milder defoliation treatments had no effect on herbage growth during spring or on total plant dry matter and nodule status in late spring. In conclusion, moderate defoliation during the growing season had no effect on herbage growth the following spring nor on carbohydrate, nodule or dry matter status of the plant in late spring. Moderate defoliation increased spring growth and thereby also the nitrogen demand of the plants. This probably enhanced nodule formation and development of inactive to active nodules.
Forfattere
Mekjell Meland Magne Eivind MoeSammendrag
The apple cultivar `Elstar" is the latest is the latest commercial maturing cultivar in Norway of high fruit quality when properly managed. In May 2006 a four years experiment with four different crop loads (2-4-6-8 flowers/fruitlets per TCSA cm2) were established at two stages (first bloom open and 20 mm fruitlets diameter) and compared to unthinned. Preliminary results from the two first seasons are presented. Fruit growth determination was conducted on individual fruits on each treatment during the season. Thinning at bloom to different crop levels gave a significant lower fruit set than thinning at the fruitlets stages to the same levels the first year. However, the fruit weight and the soluble solid contents were significant larger and ground colour improved when bloom thinning. The final fruit numbers at harvested was less than the amount established at bloom and fruitlets. There were significant differences between the different treatments in final fruits per TCSA and fruit set which reflected the different crop levels. Fruit weight and soluble solid contents were largest with lowest crop load and decreased with increasing crop levels. There was a strong crop load effect from the year before on the amounts of return bloom per tree. The trees thinned at bloom had significant more flower clusters than thinned at the fruitlet stage of 20 mm. The untreated, control trees had the lowest amount of flower clusters. The amount of return bloom declined with increasing crop load on the trees. The second year yield and fruit weight were larger when thinned at bloom. The highest crop load the second year was when thinned at bloom to the levels of 2 and 4 apples per TCSA the year before. The trees with the highest crop load the last year managed to give only a small crop. The fruit quality was in general high for all treatments.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag