Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2009
Forfattere
Kirsty McKinnonSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Carl Einar Amundsen Thomas HartnikSammendrag
Perfluorinated organic compounds (PFCs) have been emitted to the environment through the use of aqueous film forming foams (AFFF) at fire training facilities at airports and oil refineries in Norway since the 1960s. Since 3M decided to phase out the production based upon 1-perfluorooctane sulphonylfluoride (POSF) in year 2000, more foams are based upon fluorotelomer AFFFs products. To consider how the terrestrial and aquatic environments at previous and active training facilities have been affected by fluorine-containing foam the last decades, the occurrence of 19 PFCs were determined in samples of soil, sediments, biota and water collected at four selected fire training facilities in Norway in 2008. Concentrations of perfluoroctylsulfonate (PFOS) in most soil samples (range 29-11923 ng/g) exceed the proposed Norwegian guideline value for PFOS in soil (100 ng/g). Laboratory bioaccumulation experiments using polluted field soils resulted in mean bioaccumulation factors (BAFs, n=12) for 6:2 fluortelomersulfonate (6:2 FTS), PFOS and perfluoroctylcarboxylate (PFOA) of 2.4 (0.76-6.7), 2.6 (0.49-6.4) and 5.9 (0.31-14.0), respectively. For perfluorinated sulfonates (PFS) and perfluorinated carboxylates (PFCA), BAF increased with increasing chain length. The PFOS precursor N-Et-FOSA had BAFs for earthworms in the range 188-770, and mean BAF of C9-C14 PFCAs in the range 10-100. Analysis of samples from soil profiles (0-80cm) show that PFCs with long carbon chains (C9-C14) are less mobile than PFCs with shorter chain lengths (C4-C8). Due to leaching in the soil profile, high concentrations of PFCs have been found in groundwater at one of the sites. High concentrations of PFCs in marine biota, sediments, surface water and groundwater in the vicinity of the training facilities, relatively high mobility in soils, and high bioaccumulation potential of some PFCs, make PFCs a potential environment threat at fire training and testing sites that should be additionally assessed.
Forfattere
Inger Sundheim FløistadSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Steinar Haugse Inger Sundheim FløistadSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Two female and two male cultivars have previously been released as a result of clone evaluation at Bioforsk Nord Holt. Selection criteria have been number of pistils or stamens per flower, number of flowers and number of shoots per m2. Currently a new group of clones are evaluated with the aim of finding new cultivars for release. Preliminary results on flowering and berry production show strong variance in these traits. Over three years of registration, number of produced flowers varied from under 100 for the weakest clone to more than 1000 for the best clone. Number of produced berries varied from 9 for the weakest clone to 242 for the best clone. The three clones that produced most flowers all had very low berry production and deviated from the rest of the clones by having high numbers of flowers per harvested berry. New selection criteria will be considered before selection of new cultivars for release.
Forfattere
Ketil Haarstad Pengxin Zhang Per Aagaard Farrokh Nadim Lars GottschalkSammendrag
The use of pesticides is a potential threat to local groundwater. Once groundwater is contaminated, it is very difficult to clean.Thus, it is of importance to assess the risk of contaminating local groundwater at an early stage when pesticides are found in soils. This knowledge will also help in remediation strategies. Traditional methods of deterministic analysis cannot explicitly account for the sometimes large uncertainties that exist at this stage in the work, whereas probabilistic analyses are better suited for dealing with these problems. In this paper, we have combined contaminant transport with a 1st-order reliability approach. Pesticide concentrations in soil have been studied to estimate the probability of failure—that is, of pesticides exceeding established critical levels in groundwater. Results indict that failure probability increases rapidly with in a certain range of pesticide concentrations in soil for different critical levels. In given aquifer conditions and contaminants, probabilities of contaminants exceeding particular critical levels can easily be obtained according to various water usage scenarios. The distribution of importance factors among variables indicates the contribution their relative weights make to the failure probability. Hence, authorities can easily form sensitivity factors to take action and reduce the risk of contaminating the groundwater.
Forfattere
Karl ThunesSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Side effects related to liming have been studied in four dimictic lakes (553-642 m a.s.l.; 59°57"N) in Finnemarka, a forested area in Southern Norway with poor catchment buffer capacity. Data series from lake profiles have been sampled two decades apart; 10 years prior to liming and after 10 years of liming. Water samples were collected during spring after ice breakup, and during summer after the development of thermal stratification. Before liming, there were very low concentrations of bicarbonate (HCO3-) (or alkalinity) in the lakes.After 10 years of liming, up to 90 % of the ions in hypolimnion originate from lime products. Hence; liming strengthened the chemical stratification and increased the vertical stability. Differences in chemocline developments between lakes were explained by differences in physical properties, i.e. their depth/surface area ratio. The chemocline developments lead to increased concentrations of organic matter in the hypolimnion, with a subsequent reduction in oxygen concentrations. Lime additions during late spring, as an alternative to early autumn, lead to pronounced anoxic conditions in the hypolimnion.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Holger Lange Lukas GudmundssonSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag