Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2009
Sammendrag
Finska viken är en av Östersjöns mest eutrofierade bassänger. Vid sidan om betydelsen av fem-miljoners staden St Petersburg har lantbrukets andel varit oklar. Ett nytt svenskt-ryskt flerårigt samarbete har inletts i Leningrads län för att bland annat bygga ett nätverk av monitoringstationer. Dessa stationer ska ge underlag för bättre källfördelning men även för råd om motåtgärder mot övergödningen av Finska viken och Östersjön.
Forfattere
Arno Rein Ulrich Gosewinkel Karlson Carl Einar Amundsen Stefan TrappSammendrag
Arno Rein (1)(*), Ulrich Gosewinkel Karlson (2), Carl Einar Amundsen (3), Stefan Trapp (1)(1) Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark(2) Department of Environmental Chemistry and Microbiology, National Environmental Research Institute, University of Aarhus, Denmark(3) Bioforsk-Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental ResearchÅs, Norway(*) arnr@env.dtu.dkTree core sampling provides a new rapid, inexpensive and low-invasive alternative to investigate the extent and temporal development of subsurface contaminations (Trapp et al. 2008). Considering each tree as a combination of well, pump and passive sampler, the analysis of vegetation samples can deliver information on the occurrence of subsurface pollution. This method was repeatedly and successfully applied to delineate subsurface plumes of chlorinated solvents (Larsen et al. 2008). Two persons can sample up to 100 trees per day, and the only necessary equipment is an increment borer and vessels for the samples. At the former waste dumping site Møringa, located at the Oslofjord near Horten, Norway, tree core sampling was done in order to test the methodology for finding heavy metal subsurface pollution. Different tree species were sampled, and the results obtained by ICP analyses were compared to element concentrations (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) in soil obtained from detailed site investigations prior to the tree core sampling campaign (Amundsen et al. 2005). If all tree species were considered together, the correlation between concentrations in tree cores and soil samples was positive, but not significant for any metal. However, samples taken from willow trees (Salix caprea) showed high and significant correlation for arsenic, cadmium and chromium. Furthermore, there was a significant difference in the mean contents (t-test) in wood from the polluted site compared to wood from reference sites. Investigations will continue at the Møringa site and at Danish sites contaminated with heavy metals. The goal is to obtain a rapid but reliable method for screening and monitoring of contaminated sites for subsurface pollution. Amundsen CE, French H, Aasen R, Nordal O. 2005. Supplementary investigations at Møringa waste site, Horten. Risk assessment and remedial action plans (in Norwegian). Jordforsk-report. 19/05. Bioforsk, 1432 Aas, Norway. Larsen M, Burken J, Macháčková J, Karlson UG, Trapp S. 2008. Using tree core samples to monitor natural attenuation and plume distribution after a PCE spill. Environ. Sci. Technol. 42, 1711-1717.Trapp S, Larsen M, Legind CN, Burken J, Macháčková J, Gosewinkel Karlson U. 2008. A guide to vegetation sampling for screening of subsurface pollution. Available at http://homepage.env.dtu.dk/stt/GuidetoVegetationSampling.pdf
Sammendrag
Food quality labels linked to landscape, climate and geographical origin are favorable tools for rural development. Our project will link the benefits of farm animals grazing on mountain pasture to quality of local artisan food products. Then the French word "terroir" meaning the sense of place and defined as the impact of the soil, the climatic condition and the vegetation on the products could be used in marketing. Today"s consumers are looking for more than nutrition from their food; it should contribute to their health, they are looking for enjoyment, and they require a high ethical standard in the food production. Unsaturated fatty acids and antioxidants like carotenoids and polyphenols are considered important nutraceuticals according to many health benefits.These compounds are also used in traceability of animal feeding diet in the meat and milk products. Plant biomarkers are compounds that are not synthesized by animals, but occur in the food products due to the animals diet. Carotenoids and polyphenols are examples of such direct plant biomarkers, while fatty acids are metabolic markers deriving from animal metabolism and are called indirect markers. The objectives of the project are to document "terroir-effects" and high food quality that may give added values to the products and a better price in the market.The study is carried out in two representative summer-farming areas in Central Norway. Two summer-farms in Budalen (Forollhogna and Teijavollen) and one in Østerdalen (Gjermundshaug) participated in the study. Subalpine/alpine pastures are the main fodder source in the summer farming period, but all farmers use supplementary feeding consisting of concentrates in different quantities (3 kg - 7.5 kg per day). The analyzed local food was sour creams produced at the summer farms by the farmers. The reference product was an industrially produced (TINE) sour cream, based on different types of pastures, mostly high productive species, less species rich lowland pastures or silage and supplementary feeding by concentrates. In the last week before milk samples (for production of the test products) were taken in middle of August, herbs and grass samples from pastures belonging to the different summer farms were collected. The plants were frozen (dry ice) and transported together with samples of sour cream from each summer farm to the laboratory. Sour creams were analysed for composition and content of a range of fatty acids, carotenoids and content of total polyphenols. In addition a sensory preferencetest of the three summer-farm sour creams together with that from TINE was performed.Results showed that sour cream from mountain pastures in Teijavollen and Forollhogna has the same amount of a-linolenic acid (C18:3) in the pasture, 56.7 and 56.0 %, respectively. The sour cream from Forollhogna has significantly more of the healthy polyunsaturated fatty acid (C18:3) even if tless water content is taken into account. Probably these results could be explained by differences in metabolism in the two herds (low yielding Norwegian dairy breed versus the modern, moderate yielding dairy breed Norwegian Red (NRF), but also by differences in use of supplementary feeding of concentrates. Only small amounts of CLA are generally found in the pasture while sour cream from Forollhogna has nearly the double amount as the industrial produced sour cream from Tine. The amounts of polyphenols and carotenoids in sour cream and pastures from the mountains were also compared. The more polyphenols and carotenoids in the grazing areas the more were found in the sour creams. Two mountain sour creams and Tine factory sour cream were analysed in a sensory ranking test. No significant differences (P
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Artikkelen beskriver et nyoppstartet prosjekt om Fusarium langsethiae; prosjektplaner og foreløpige resultater fra veksthusforsøk for å undersøke alternative smitteveier for etablering av soppen i havre.
Forfattere
Guro BrodalSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Thomas Holm CarlsenSammendrag
Tjueen myrlokaliteter ble kartlagt i Sømna kommune i 2008 av Bioforsk Nord, Tjøtta. De fleste av disse ble befart i to omganger, første gang den 24.-25. juni og deretter 7.-8. august. Ut i fra kriteriene i DNs håndbok 13 (2. utg. 2006) samt en lokal vurdering på kommunenivå ble hver myrlokalitet vurdert til å ha enten lav verdi (grønt lys for nydyrkning), middels verdi (gult lys for nydyrkning) eller høy verdi (rødt lys for nydyrkning) der man mener myrlokaliteten bør bevares. Tolv (57 %) av de 21 myrlokalitetene som ble undersøkt vurderes til å ha lav verdi, fem (24 %) vurderes til å ha middels verdi, mens 4 (19 %) av lokaliteten vurderes til å ha høy verdi.
Forfattere
Anita SønstebySammendrag
Månedsjordbær er remonterende typer av markjordbær (Fragaria vesca) som stammer fra planter som ble funnet i de franske Alpene for ca 350 år siden. I motsetning til vanlige markjordbær, som er kortdags-planter og heller ikke danner blomster ved temperaturer over ca 15 ºC, er månedsjordbær langdagsplanter med stor toleranse for høg temperatur og blomstrer rikt i lange dager ved 27 ºC. Dette er de samme blomstrings-reaksjonene som vi finner hos remonterende sorter av hagejordbær.
Forfattere
Anita Sønsteby Ola M. HeideSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Lars Tørres HavstadSammendrag
Presentasjonen er vedlagt.