Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2010
Forfattere
Trygve S. AamlidSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Trygve S. AamlidSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Lars Tørres HavstadSammendrag
Alt i alt tilsier erfaringer så langt at soppsprøyting ofte vil være lønnsomt i frøeng av både timotei og engsvingel hvor det er en del soppangrep. Resultatene fra feltet i Hedmark hvor det var lite sopp, og ingen positiv virkning av soppsprøyting, viser imidlertid at en ikke bør basere seg på programmert sprøyting. For å vinne mer erfaring med behovet for soppsprøyting rundt om i landet vil vi i 2010 legge ut nye forsøksfelt i de to artene i Trøndelag, Buskerud, Aust-Agder og Østfold. Riktig tidspunkt for bekjemping er ved begynnende angrep, vanligvis i perioden mellom begynnende strekningsvekst og blomstring. Forsøkene i 2009 viste at værforholdene i vekstsesongen har stor innvirkning på bekjempingsbehovet. Størst behov vil det være i regnfulle somre, spesielt i "kraftig" frøeng med høyt legdepress. Har det dessuten vært soppangrep i enga året før er det stor sjanse for at enga vil bli angrepet i år også. Ved tidlige angrep er det i begge arter mulig å tankblande sopp- og vekstreguleringsmiddel. De aktuelle midlene er Acanto Prima (anbefalt dose: 80-150 g/daa) og Stereo 312,5 EC (anbefalt dose 70-150 ml/daa), som begge er off-label godkjent for bruk av medlemmer av Norsk frøavlerlag. I henhold til off-label etiketten er det kun lagt opp til en behandling pr. vekstsesong. Det er enda for tidlig til å dra noen slutning om hvilket middel som gir best beskyttelse mot soppangrep. Så langt har Stereo kommet litt bedre ut enn Acanto prima i timotei, men den vekstregulerende evnen til middelt må tas med i betraktningen. I engsvingel har de to midlene så langt vært om lag like gode.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Audun KorsæthSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Agnar KvalbeinSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Bipolaris sorokinana (teleomorph Cochliobolus sativus) is a widespread pathogen of cereals and many grasses. It can infect seeds, roots and leaves, causing seedling blight, common root rot, foot rot and spot blotch. Inoculum of B. sorokiniana may be seed-borne or arise from infected plant debris in the field and from conidia in the soil. Recent years the pathogen has occurred at high frequencies in seed lots of barley in Norway, especially in the cvs Edel and Annabell. A large proportion of the seed lots tested since 2004 were infected and the average infection frequencies were rather high. In order to evaluate the importance of the seed-borne inoculum in barley and to test the effect of seed treatment fungicides against the pathogen, field, greenhouse and laboratory experiments have been carried out with heavily infected barley seed. The infection level was reduced and plant weight, plant height, field emergence and yields were significantly increased by chemical treatment. The best effect was seen with an imazalil+flutriafol compound which increased the yield by approximately 35 % compared to untreated. A healthy untreated seed lot of the same cultivar included in one of the experiments showed approximately the same level of emergence and yield as the best fungicide treatment of a heavily infected seed lot. The investigations demonstrate that the use of healthy seed, or seed treated with an effective fungicide, is important to reduce the yield losses from B. sorokiniana.
Sammendrag
Bipolaris sorokinana (teleomorph Cochliobolus sativus) is a widespread pathogen of cereals and many grasses. It can infect seeds, roots and leaves, causing seedling blight, common root rot, foot rot and spot blotch. Inoculum of B. sorokiniana may be seed-borne or arise from infected plant debris in the field and from conidia in the soil. Recent years the pathogen has occurred at high frequencies in seed lots of barley in Norway, especially in the cvs Edel and Annabell. A large proportion of the seed lots tested since 2004 were infected and the average infection frequencies were rather high. In order to evaluate the importance of the seed-borne inoculum in barley and to test the effect of seed treatment fungicides against the pathogen, field, greenhouse and laboratory experiments have been carried out with heavily infected barley seed. The infection level was reduced and plant weight, plant height, field emergence and yields were significantly increased by chemical treatment. The best effect was seen with an imazalil+flutriafol compound which increased the yield by approximately 35 % compared to untreated. A healthy untreated seed lot of the same cultivar included in one of the experiments showed approximately the same level of emergence and yield as the best fungicide treatment of a heavily infected seed lot. The investigations demonstrate that the use of healthy seed, or seed treated with an effective fungicide, is important to reduce the yield losses from B. sorokiniana.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Ketil HaarstadSammendrag
A literature review shows that more than 500 organic and metallic compounds have been reported occurring in wetlands, and also that wetlands are suitable for removing pollutants. There are, however, obvious pitfalls for treatment wetlands, the most important being the maintenance of the hydraulic capacity and controlling the detention time. Treatment wetlands should have an adapted design to target specific compounds. Aquatic plants and soils are suitable for wastewater treatment because they have a high capacity of removing nutrients and other substances through uptake, sorption and microbiological degradation. The heavy metals Cd, Cu, Fe, Ni and Pb were found to exceed limit values in water. Also these studies revealed high values of phenol and SO4. No samples showed concentrations in sediments exceeding limit values, but fish samples showed concentrations of Hg exceeding the limit for fish sold in the EU. The main route of heavy metal uptake in aquatic plants was through the roots in the case of emergent and surface floating plants, whereas in submerged plants roots as well as leaves take part in removing heavy metals and nutrients. Submerged rooted plants have potential from water as well as sediments, where as rootless plants extracted metals rapidly only from water. Caution is due about the use of SSF CWs for the treatment of metal-contaminated industrial wastewater as metals are shifted to another environmental compartment and moreover stable redox conditions are required to ensure long-term efficiency. Mercury is one of the most toxic heavy metals and since wetlands have been shown to be a source of methylmercury. Methyl Hg concentrations are typically approximately 15% of Hgt. In wetland water samples, PAH, bisphenol A, BTEX, hydrocarbons including diesel range organics, glycol, DDT, PCB, cyanide, benzene, chlorophenols and formaldehyde were found to exceed limit values. In sediments only PAH and PCB were found exceeding limit values. In the water phase the pesticides found above limit values were atrazine, simazine, terbutylazine, metolachlor, mecoprop, endosulfan, chlorfenvinphos and diuron. There are few listings of these compounds in the commonly used water quality limit values, except for some well-known endocrine disrupters such as nonylphenol, phtalates etc. The performance of extensive household wastewater treatment systems of removing pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) are similar to that obtained in conventional activated sludge wastewater treatment plants