Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2011
Sammendrag
Arter innen Phytophthora-slekten kan forårsake alvorlige sykdommer på trær. Økende handel påskynder spredning av ulike plantepatogener, og det er flere eksempler på at nye sykdommer forårsaket av arter innen Phytophthora-slekten er under utvikling i Europa.
Forfattere
Venche TalgøSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Ved angrep av Phytophthora spp. vert bladverket glissent og gult og greiner daudar. Dette skuldast at røtene gradvis vert øydelagde og dermed ikkje kan forsyna krona med nok næring og vatn. Det vert tjærefarga flekkar/blødande sår i barken på stammane, og veden vert misfarga under flekkane.Typiske Phytophthora-symptom vart i 2009 og 2010 observerte på eldre bøketre (Fagus sylvatica) i Bergen sentrum, i ein privathage i Haugesund og i eit skogholt i Stavanger.
Forfattere
Venche TalgøSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
In spring and autumn 2011, we carried out a baiting program for Phytophthora spp. in urban streams and lakes in Rogaland and Hordaland counties in western Norway, and in a stream in a beech forest in Vestfold county in southeastern Norway. We used rhododendron leaves from the cultivar ‘Cunningham White’ as bait. Prior to baiting, all leaves were surface sterilized with 70% ethanol and placed in perforated bags (2-3 leaves per bag), each with a styrofoam floater to keep the bait near the surface. The bags were anchored to the shore and left in the water for 6-8 days. All locations were recorded with a field mapping GPS-device, and thus all mapping tasks could be finalized in the field. At many locations the leaves had dark and/or water soaked spots when removed from the water. Small sections from the leading edges were dissected and plated on Phytophthora-selective media (PARP and/or PARPH). One interesting finding was P. ramorum in a river in Rogaland county, but we also isolated a number of other Phytophthora spp. that are currently being identified. The results will be presented at the meeting.
Forfattere
Atle HaugeSammendrag
I rapporten er det laget skisser av 3 anlegg med bekkevoller/sedimentasjonsdammer for å bedre oppsamlingen av partikler og fosfor i åkerkanten på hellende grønnsaksarealer. Ideen er at det i nedbørepisoder dannes midlertidige dammer slik at eroderte partikler fra landbruksarealet sedimenterer. Slike midlertidige dammer vil være bedre enn bare en ugjødslet randsone, fordi partiklene får bedre tid til å sedimentere. Anleggene skal anlegges som pilotanlegg, og det foreslås å registrere effekten ved måling av sedimentene på sedimentasjonsplater. Dette er billige tiltak, og kan vise seg å være svært kostnadseffektive.
Forfattere
Kjersti Holt HanssenSammendrag
The pine weevil (Hylobius abietis) is an important pest to conifer seedlings in large parts of Europe. To get an objective measure of the extent of damages related to pine weevils in South-Eastern Norway, a survey was implemented in the autumn of 2010 in nine counties. Altogether, 155 stands regenerated by planting in 2009 or 2010 were examined. The percentage of seedlings killed from pine weevil attacks varied between 0 and 63 % in the surveyed fields. On average, 7 % of the seedlings were killed by pine weevils, while 23 % had bark wounds. In addition, 3 % of the seedlings were killed by other causes. Few of the registered field variables were correlated to the degree of damage, but there was a tendency towards higher mortality at the largest clear cuts, in hilly areas, and for dry soil types. The present survey shows that in unscarified stands in SE Norway pine weevils are the most important cause of seedling mortality. A total seedling mortality of at least 10% should be expected the first two years.
Forfattere
Christer MagnussonSammendrag
In the Nordic countries the total forest area is 67 million hectars, with conifers covering 38 milllion hectars. The Nordic standing crop of conifer wood is about 5 million m3, with an almost equal share of pine (Pinus sylvestris) and spruce (Picea abies). Because of this large and precious forest resource, the recent spread of pinewood nematode (PWN) Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in Europe is of great concern to Nordic countries. The expression of pine wilt disease requires summer temperatures higher than normal for Scandinavia. However, in the area of the recent outbreak in Galicia in Spain, temperatures seem modest, with mean values for July and August at or just above 20oC. Climate change may push the Nordic area into warmer conditions. Available models suggest that damage to Nordic forests is expected to be small in a 50 years perspective. Long-term models are scarce, but in view of pine tree production cycles of up to 120 years, mortality may occur more frequently within one or a few forest generations. Since PWN may exist in trees free of wilt symptoms its distribution in Europe becomes unclear. Monitoring of the pest in Nordic forests requires sampling of cutting waste with signs of activity from vector insect in the genus Monochamus. In the Nordic area more than 9000 samples have so far been analyzed from risk areas and risk commodities. A recent simulation PWN spread in Norwegian forests indicates that 14 years may elapse before detection by the present level of 400 samples annually. We are convinced that large sampling volumes and strict import regulations are vital strategies for keeping the Nordic area free from PWN.
Forfattere
Nina SvartedalSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag