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Publikasjoner

NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.

2006

Sammendrag

Pepinomosaikkvirus har forårsaket mye bekymring i mange land siden det først ble påvist i Nederland og England i 1999. I Norge har vi bare hatt to kjente tilfeller " det første var i 2001, det andre i 2003. Utover dette har ikke pepinomosaikkvirus vært påvist i norske gartnerier. Det har imidlertid tidvis vært mye symptomer som ligner de pepinomosaikkvirus forårsaker på importerte tomatfrukter. De siste årene har det dukket opp mer alvorlige stammer av viruset. For norske dyrkere og veiledere er det fortsatt viktig å være klar over symptomer og smitteveier slik at en kan stoppe et eventuelt utbrudd av dette viruset så raskt som mulig dersom det skulle forekomme nye tilfeller av dette viruset her i landet.

Sammendrag

The phenophases first greening (bud burst) and yellowing of Nordic mountain birch (Betula pubescens ssp. tortuosa, also called B. p. ssp. czerepanovii) were observed at three sites on the Kola Peninsula in northernmost Europe during the period 1964"2003, and at two sites in the transboundary Pasvik-Enare region during 1994"2003. The field observations were compared with satellite images based on the GIMMS-NDVI dataset covering 1982"2002 at the start and end of the growing season. A trend for a delay of first greening was observed at only one of the sites (Kandalaksha) over the 40 year period. This fits well with the delayed onset of the growing season for that site based on satellite images. No significant changes in time of greening at the other sites were found with either field observations or satellite analyses throughout the study period. These results differ from the earlier spring generally observed in other parts of Europe in recent decades. In the coldest regions of Europe, e.g. in northern high mountains and the northernmost continental areas, increased precipitation associated with the generally positive North Atlantic Oscillation in the last few decades has often fallen as snow. Increased snow may delay the time of onset of the growing season, although increased temperature generally causes earlier spring phenophases. Autumn yellowing of birch leaves tends towards an earlier date at all sites. Due to both later birch greening and earlier yellowing at the Kandalaksha site, the growing season there has also become significantly shorter during the years observed. The sites showing the most advanced yellowing in the field throughout the study period fit well with areas showing an earlier end of the growing season from satellite images covering 1982"2002. The earlier yellowing is highly correlated with a trend at the sites in autumn for earlier decreasing air temperature over the study period, indicating that this environmental factor is important also for autumn phenophases.

Sammendrag

Behovet for vekstregulering er like stort i den nye rødkløversorten "Lea" som i den tidligere sorten "Nordi". I middel for fem forsøk i åra 2002-2005 er det i disse sortene oppnådd signifikante avlingsgevinster på 21 og 13% ved sprøyting med Moddus i dosen 100 ml/daa ved henholdsvis begynnende strekningsvekst (20-30.mai; plantehøyde 15-30 cm) og begynnende knoppdanning (20-30.juni, plantehøyde (55-75 cm). Vekstregulering førte til redusert høydevekst og et stivere og mer opprett plantebestand, men hadde ingen betydning for modningstidspunktet eller spireevnen i disse rødkløversortene. Sammenlikna med vekstregulering uten insektmiddel førte innblanding av fosformidlet Perfektion (100 ml/daa) i sprøytevæska i to forsøk i 2005 til en usikker meravling på 4 % ved sprøyting ved begynnende strekningsvekst og 8% ved sprøyting ved begynnende knoppdanning. Både fordi disse meravlingene var statistisk usikre, og fordi ikke vet hvilke(t) skadedyr som ble bekjempa, trengs det flere forsøk før vi kan gi en generell anbefaling om bruk av insektmidler i kløverfrøavlen.

Sammendrag

I middel for fem forsøk i 2004 og 2005 gav Moddus, sprøyta i dosen 60 og 90 ml/daa på flaggbladstadiet (Z 42), henholdsvis 10 og 16% auke i frøavlinga av raigras. Overfor Mattilsynet vil vi nå anbefale at Moddus godkjennes til bruk i raigrasfrøeng med sein sprøyting og en dose på 60-90 ml/daa avhengig av vekstforholda ved sprøyting.

Sammendrag

Denne artikkelen er et intervju med Dr. Joseph M. Duich, amerikaneren som mer enn noen andre har foreldet til gressorter til golfbaner.  Duich forteller om bakgrunn og bruksområde for rypkveinsortene Penncross, Pennlinks, Penn A1, Penn A2, Penn A4, Penn G1, Penn G2 og Penn G6 - alle sammen sorter som brukes på norske golfbaner.

Sammendrag

The Concerted Action on potato late blight `Eucablight" (www.eucablight.org) was launched in 2003 to promote collaboration between researchers across Europe and to collate the previously fragmented data on host resistance to late blight and characterization of its causal pathogen, Phytophthora infestans. Central to the project was the development of standardized protocols, databases and data collection tools with which data from across Europe could be centralized. The ultimate aim was to capitalize on the vast resource of data available in order to allow a pan-European analysis to be conducted. The P. infestans database is currently populated with information relating to over 13,800 isolates from 20 European countries. The host resistance database holds primary disease data and derived statistics from more than 50 field trials assessing mainly foliage blight resistance. The use of seven standard cultivars in these trials facilitated the comparison of resistance information across years and regions. The host database is structured, and made accessible, in such a way that DSS builders can access the model parameters they need to construct locally adapted forecasting systems. In this presentation we describe the data collection and data analyzing tools that have been developed in this project and how they are directly applicable to other host-pathogen systems.

Sammendrag

Light is a common component of forecasting models for downy mildews because its presence is assumed to suppress sporulation. Our objectives were to evaluate the effects of light intensity and quality, temperature, and diurnal periodicity on sporulation of Bremia lactucae, the causal agent of lettuce downy mildew. We found that the suppressive effect of light on sporulation was strongly dependent upon temperature; there was little suppression of sporulation by light at " 10 ºC. At temperatures where light suppressed sporulation, light in the range from 450-500 nm had the most suppressive effect, although a lesser effect of the wavebands from 450-500 nm was detected. At 15 ºC, a diurnal pattern of sporulation was observed independent of light and darkness. In current forecasting models, the time of sunrise and sunset are used to delimit the dark period when leaf wetness and high RH can induce sporulation. In Nordic countries the effects of short nights and extended twilight conditions should be incorporated into forecasting models. Also, since sporulation may be greatly reduced by light at temperatures above 15-20 ºC, this should be used to modify model predictions of sporulation during the time of day when sporulation can occur. The diurnal rhythm could interact with light and temperature to confound the results of controlled environment studies, and may be the controlling factor in timing of sporulation at low temperatures.