Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2007
Authors
Ronald BjøruAbstract
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Authors
Lise Hatten Ronald BjøruAbstract
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Authors
Ronald BjøruAbstract
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Authors
Erlend Ystrøm Haartveit Leif Kjøstelsen Bård Strand JacobsenAbstract
The project Woodflow is a 3-year project aiming at quantifying logistics costs for wood products in a supply chain from manufacturer to consumer. Woodflow is financed by the Research Council of Norway, Innovation Norway and Optimera AS. The work is carried out in Optimera’s distribution network in Norway. In this paper we present and discuss two methods for estimating time consumption, one for material handling and one for activities in the information flow. For material handling a method based on time studies has been modified and adapted to the situation in a distribution centre. For activities in the information flow performance measures of sales personnel are combined with information about registered orders to develop estimates for time consumption for entering orders and order lines. These will also be used to estimate time consumption for other tasks in the information flow. The estimates for time consumption will later be combined with the time costs of the performing actors to calculate logistics costs for material handling and for activities in the information flow.
Authors
M.B. Farmani H. Keers Nils-Otto KitterødAbstract
Cross-well ground penetrating radar (GPR) data sets were collected in the vadose zone of an ice-contact delta near Oslo"s Gardermoen Airport (Norway) before, during, and after snowmelt in 2005. The observed travel times were inverted using curved-ray travel time tomography. The tomograms are in good agreement with the local geologic structure of the delta. The tomographic results were confirmed independently by surface GPR reflection data and x-ray images of core samples. In addition to structure, the GPR tomograms also show a strong time dependency due to the snowmelt. The time-lapse tomograms were used to estimate volumetric soil water content using Topp"s equation. The volumetric soil water content was also observed independently by using a neutron meter. Comparison of these two methods revealed a strong irregular wetting process during the snowmelt. This was interpreted to be due to soil heterogeneity as well as a heterogeneous infiltration rate. The geologic structure and water content estimates obtained from the GPR tomography can be used in forward and inverse flow modeling. Finally, the water balance in the vadose zone was calculated using snow accumulation data, precipitation data, porosity estimates, and observed changes in the groundwater table. The amount of water stored in the vadose zone obtained from the water balance is consistent with the amount estimated using GPR tomography. Alternatively, the change in water storage in the vadose zone can be estimated using GPR tomography. This may then permit estimates of evapotranspiration to be made, provided other components of the water balance are known.
Authors
Erik JonerAbstract
The rapid increase in development and production of manufactured nanoparticles (NP) has given rise to concern for health and environment. While toxicity in higher organisms and workers exposure have received attention and benefited from substantial research efforts in later years, the environmental impact of spreading NP and ecotoxicity have received far less attention. To the extent that NP may be toxic to higher organisms and man, the redistribution of NP from major environmental recipients like soils and sediments represents a route for exposure that may also have implication for public health. Research on environmental aspects of spreading NP has suffered from a lack of appropriate tools that allow studies on fate, mobility and uptake in organisms, particularly in dirty matrices like soil, sediments and waste. We are currently exploring the possibilities for tracing different NP (metals, oxides, CNT) in soil and sediments/water using functionalization, radiotracers, and fluorescence labelling, and exploit these tools in quantification of adsorption, mobility and transfer, including organismal uptake and internal distribution/accumulation in different organs of earthworms and fish. In combination with an increasing knowledge on toxicity, these tools, if proven suitable, may permit a range of studies on environmental behaviour of NP which can form a basis for environmental risk assessment, and ultimately regulatory actions that may limit exposure of biota and Man.
Authors
Bernt-Håvard Øyen Andreas Brunner Fredrik BøhlerAbstract
Toppkapping som metode i ungskogpleien er omtalt, både den historiske bakgrunnen samt resultater og kommentarer til Nordiske forsøk.
Authors
Eivind Jacobsen Svein Ole Borgen Arne DulsrudAbstract
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