Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2009
Forfattere
Erling FløistadSammendrag
Da julestjernesorten Annette Hegg kom fra Thormod Hegg gartneri i Lier i 1967, var den en nyhet som åpnet veien for at julestjerne skulle komme til å bli den mest brukte juleblomsten, ikke bare i Norge, men i hele verden.
Sammendrag
Foredraget presenterer foreløpige resultater fra prosjektet "Kortreist mat med lokal identitet".
Sammendrag
Food quality labels linked to landscape, climate and geographical origin are favorable tools for rural development. Our project will link the benefits of farm animals grazing on mountain pasture to quality of local artisan food products. Then the French word "terroir" meaning the sense of place and defined as the impact of the soil, the climatic condition and the vegetation on the products could be used in marketing. Today"s consumers are looking for more than nutrition from their food; it should contribute to their health, they are looking for enjoyment, and they require a high ethical standard in the food production. Unsaturated fatty acids and antioxidants like carotenoids and polyphenols are considered important nutraceuticals according to many health benefits.These compounds are also used in traceability of animal feeding diet in the meat and milk products. Plant biomarkers are compounds that are not synthesized by animals, but occur in the food products due to the animals diet. Carotenoids and polyphenols are examples of such direct plant biomarkers, while fatty acids are metabolic markers deriving from animal metabolism and are called indirect markers. The objectives of the project are to document "terroir-effects" and high food quality that may give added values to the products and a better price in the market.The study is carried out in two representative summer-farming areas in Central Norway. Two summer-farms in Budalen (Forollhogna and Teijavollen) and one in Østerdalen (Gjermundshaug) participated in the study. Subalpine/alpine pastures are the main fodder source in the summer farming period, but all farmers use supplementary feeding consisting of concentrates in different quantities (3 kg - 7.5 kg per day). The analyzed local food was sour creams produced at the summer farms by the farmers. The reference product was an industrially produced (TINE) sour cream, based on different types of pastures, mostly high productive species, less species rich lowland pastures or silage and supplementary feeding by concentrates. In the last week before milk samples (for production of the test products) were taken in middle of August, herbs and grass samples from pastures belonging to the different summer farms were collected. The plants were frozen (dry ice) and transported together with samples of sour cream from each summer farm to the laboratory. Sour creams were analysed for composition and content of a range of fatty acids, carotenoids and content of total polyphenols. In addition a sensory preferencetest of the three summer-farm sour creams together with that from TINE was performed.Results showed that sour cream from mountain pastures in Teijavollen and Forollhogna has the same amount of a-linolenic acid (C18:3) in the pasture, 56.7 and 56.0 %, respectively. The sour cream from Forollhogna has significantly more of the healthy polyunsaturated fatty acid (C18:3) even if tless water content is taken into account. Probably these results could be explained by differences in metabolism in the two herds (low yielding Norwegian dairy breed versus the modern, moderate yielding dairy breed Norwegian Red (NRF), but also by differences in use of supplementary feeding of concentrates. Only small amounts of CLA are generally found in the pasture while sour cream from Forollhogna has nearly the double amount as the industrial produced sour cream from Tine. The amounts of polyphenols and carotenoids in sour cream and pastures from the mountains were also compared. The more polyphenols and carotenoids in the grazing areas the more were found in the sour creams. Two mountain sour creams and Tine factory sour cream were analysed in a sensory ranking test. No significant differences (P
Forfattere
Bolette Bele Hanne Sickel Tor Lunnan Ann Norderhaug Marianne Østerlie Roger K. Abrahamsen Liv Nilsen Mikael OhlsonSammendrag
The landscape and the old semi-natural habitats shaped by alpine farming represent important potentials both for local farmers and rural development. The projects referred focus on local food production with "added values", which represent picturesque landscapes, high biodiversity, and demanded food quality. Local food products such as sour cream, brown whey goat"s cheese, cow milk, mutton and beef are analyzed for specific sensory properties, fatty acid composition and the amount of antioxidants. Plant preferences among the livestock, botanical composition of pastures and management effects of grazing are also investigated. Preliminary results show higher levels of ω-3 fatty acids, CLA and antioxidants in milk and meat products with attractive sensory properties. These results are likely caused by distinctive properties of alpine pasture plants. Other Bioforsk projects show that production of high quality food products in addition may maintain high biodiversity and mountain summer farming landscapes, and that these "added values" make it possible to sell the food as labeled products, thus strengthening the farmer"s economy.
Forfattere
Rolf NestbySammendrag
Konklusjon.Innvik: Både Agromarin og Marihøne+ gir god avling. Ingen forskjell på gjødselmengder. Ingen positiv virkning av dryppgjødsling. Brønnøysund: Både Agromarin og Marihøne gir god avling.Samspill drypp og fastgjødsel i 2009: Dryppgjødsel + fastgjødsel var positivt i 2009. Harstad: Økt mengde fastgjødsel ga større avling. Agromarin er dårligere enn Marihøne+: K-effekt? Dryppgjødsel + fastgjødsel ga større avling
Forfattere
Anette SundbyeSammendrag
Forsøksresultatene som presenteres i denne rapporten er for det meste biologisk godkjenningsprøving av skadedyrmidler, samt prøving i småkulturer utført med finansiering fra Handlingsplanen på oppdrag fra Mattilsynet i 2009. I tillegg er det forsøk eller egne forsøksledd som grupperes som biologisk utviklingsprøving. Utviklingsprøvingen er finansiert av Bioforsk, importører/tilvirkere av plantevernmidler, produsentgrupper eller av Landbruks- og matdepartementet. For eventuelle restanalyseforsøk som er utført, er kjemiske analyser gjort av Fagseksjon Pesticidkjemi ved Bioforsk Plantehelse. Forsøkene er utført etter GEP-kvalitet, hvis ikke annet er nevnt. Dette innebærer at det er utarbeidet skriftlige prosedyrer for nesten alle arbeidsprosesser.
Forfattere
Vitalis Wafula Wekesa Gilberto Jose de Moraes Edwin Moisés Marcos Ortega Italo Delalibera Jr.Sammendrag
The fungal pathogen Neozygites floridana Weiser and Muma has been evaluated as a classical biologicalcandidate for introduction into Africa against the invasive tomato red spider mite Tetranychus evansiBaker and Pritchard. In this study, the effect of temperature on sporulation, germination and virulenceof three isolates of N. floridana collected from T. evansi in three climatically distinct regions of Braziland Argentina was determined. Six constant temperatures of 13 C, 17 C, 21 C, 25 C, 29 C and 33 Cwere tested for their effect on the ability of the three fungal isolates to sporulate, germinate and killthe mites. Six alternating-temperature regimes of 17-13 C, 21-13 C, 29-13 C, 33-13 C, 33-23 C,33-28 C under a 12 h photophase were also tested to estimate virulence of the three isolates againstT. evansi. The Vipos isolate discharged more conidia than isolates from Recife or Piracicaba at all temperaturesand sporulation was strongly temperature dependent. Optimal sporulation rates were observed at25 C while optimal germination rates were observed at 25 C and 29 C. At 29 C, the shortest mean survivaltime of T. evansi (3.16 days, 95% CI of 3.05-3.27) was observed for the isolate from Vipos, while thelongest LT50 (3.47 days, 95% CI 3.34-3.59) was observed for the isolate from Piracicaba. Mortality of mitesincreased as the differences between alternating day and night temperatures increased from 8 C (21-13 C), to 10 C (33-23 C), to 16 C (29-13 C), with smallest and highest temperature differences of4 C (17-13 C) and 20 C (33-13 C), both producing low mortalities. The overall results suggest thatthe Vipos isolate is better adapted to a wider range of temperatures than the other isolates tested.
Forfattere
Agnethe ChristiansenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Ole Martin Eklo Randi Bolli Jens Kværner Tore Sveistrup Frauke Hofmeister Eivind Solbakken Nick Jarvis Fredrik Stenemo Eirik Romstad Borghild Glorvigen Tor Anton GurenSammendrag
Contribution of pollution from pesticides is often located to minor areas within a field. Areas with coarse textured materials in the soil profile often represent "hot spots" with high risk of leaching, but also areas with example structured clay soils may be "hot spots". Other areas can be slopes or bottoms in depressions on plateaus were water can be ponded in wet periods or in springtime before the frost has disappeared from the soil profile. If pesticides with high risk of leaching were avoided on these areas, the contribution to groundwater pollution could be reduced extensively. Up to now limited information or tools have been developed for farmers to identify these areas. In a newly completed project, tools for groundwater and surface water protection was developed and evaluated. Three different types of tools have been developed: Topographical maps, risk tables and risk maps. Micro-topographical maps were developed to identify depressions and other vulnerable areas representing high risk of leaching and runoff. Tables of pesticide leaching risk to drainage and groundwater were derived from model simulations in spring cereals and potatoes with the mostly used plant protection strategies on the most common soil types for the areas. A meta-model was used for calculation of pesticide concentrations in groundwater and drainage water, coupled with digital soil maps and presented by Geographical Information Systems (GIS). Farmers from two areas evaluated the usefulness of these tools.Generally the farmers" attitudes to the new tools were positive, but this type of information should be integrated in already existing planning tools at the farm, like fertilizer planning. The project produces large amounts of information and an electronic presentation readily understood and easy to follow is important. In some cases different soil types and topography within the farm represented different risk of leaching. In such cases, it is necessary to easily find pesticides to be used for all areas to avoid time consuming washing and change of equipment.