Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2026
Sammendrag
The decline of soil organic carbon (SOC) content is a major concern in agricultural soils, and reduction of tillage frequency is proposed as a measure to counteract this tendency. Here, we assessed the effect of tillage and renewal frequency on grassland SOC content based on a long–term experiment at Fureneset, Western Norway. The objective was to compare permanent and unrenewed grassland treatments with treatments ploughed and renewed 6 to 15 times from 1974 to 2016. Mean SOC content of the permanent grassland was 64 ± 9 g kg−1 (one standard deviation) at 0 to 40 cm depth and soil contained 210 Mg C ha−1, compared to 60 ± 6 g kg−1 and 190 Mg C ha−1 for grassland renewed with ploughing. Higher SOC contents were associated with reduced forage dry matter yields (DMY) of the permanent grassland, but not in frequently renewed grasslands. High SOC contents correlate with high porosity and water content, as soil properties approach those of organic soils. This may cause a wetter soil and reduced plant growth and increase soil compaction. In areas with generally high SOC contents in agricultural soils, increased carbon content due to no tillage may thus make the soils more agronomically challenging to manage
Sammendrag
Me fornyar enga for at avlinga skal verta større og ha betre kvalitet. Omlaupslengden er ein balanse mellom meir avling/kvalitet og kostnadar ved fornying.
Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Akhil Reddy Pashapu Sigridur Dalmannsdottir Marit Jørgensen Mallikarjuna Rao Kovi Odd Arne RognliSammendrag
Timothy is the most important perennial forage grass species in northern Norway, a region that is predicted to experience variable winter weather conditions due to climate change. Knowledge about how timothy cultivars respond to a changing climate is crucial for safeguarding forage production at higher latitudes. In the current study, we investigated changes in gene expression under freezing and ice encasement stresses and SNP allele frequencies between temporal populations (seed generations) of the two northern-adapted timothy cultivars Engmo and Noreng. In general, there was a decrease in freezing tolerance (defined as LT 50 , the temperature lethal to 50% of the population) and an increase in ice encasement tolerance (defined as LD 50 , the duration lethal to 50% of the population) over time. Comparative transcriptome analyses identified several genes known to be involved in stress responses, such as ethylene-responsive transcription factors, dehydration-responsive element binding transcription factors, reversion to ethylene sensitivity 1, and abscisic acid repressor 1, as differentially expressed between the temporal populations of Noreng under freezing stress. Several loci with large allele frequency changes were observed to be in close proximity to the genes displaying patterns resembling shifts over time in Noreng. Very few gene expression differences between populations of both cultivars under ice encasement stress could be due to weak selection pressure during seed multiplication. There was a gradual decline in genetic diversity in populations of both cultivars over time. The results indicate that phytohormone-mediated transcriptional regulation might be one of the key mechanisms for adaptation to changing winter weather conditions at higher latitudes. These findings underscore the importance of monitoring genetic shifts during seed multiplication to maintain cultivar stability and suggest that the identified stress-responsive genes could serve as valuable targets for breeding climate-resilient forage crops.
Forfattere
Edward Carbezas-Garcia Vibeke Lind Linus Kiprotich J. Gakige Chris S. Jones Claudia ArndtSammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Shelemia Nyamuryekung'e Nolween Tulane Grete H. M. Jørgensen Vincent O'Flaherty Vibeke LindSammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Sammendrag
Farm animal welfare is assessed for compliance with legislation and labelling schemes, to evaluate the impacts of management change and for animal welfare research. Here, we ask: how can we assess how the animal experiences its life on farm? Animal welfare is what the animal experiences and spans from very negative to very positive emotional states. Welfare is influenced by nutrition, the environment, health and the behavioural interactions that animals have, integrated through the impacts that these have on the mental state of the animal. Whilst we can often readily measure and describe the conditions under which the animal is housed on farm (inputs), and the physical state of the animal within these conditions, these are not sufficient to tell us what the animal is experiencing. The Gold Standard for animal welfare, therefore, would be a measure that tells us something about the mental state of the animal. Currently, this is not considered a directly measurable entity, and it may remain a hypothetical rather than a realistic construct in welfare assessment. Thus, welfare assessment relies on a series of measurable outputs, or indicators, that serve as proxies for the welfare state. Emotional state and welfare are then inferred from these measures. Animal-based measures are considered the most relevant to understanding animal experience, although these require rigorous assessment of the validity and reliability of measurement. Many animal-based measures rely on the assessment of behaviour. These may be ongoing changes in response, such as approach or avoidance, facial expression, Qualitative Behaviour Assessment and circadian rhythms or complex patterns of behaviour, such as preferences, motivational priorities, or perceptions, which allow deeper insight into the likely mental state of the animal. Many measures are only suitable for research purposes at present and can be challenging to assess on farm, but some may be amenable to the use of sensors or automated methods in the future. These have technological and ethical challenges to overcome and require an understanding of what is being measured and how this relates to the animal’s mental state but may offer opportunities for continual assessment of animal behaviour and welfare in the future. Currently, however, theoretical understanding of animal welfare, particularly positive welfare and cumulative ‘Quality of Life’, is not well-captured in existing on−farm welfare assessment. We conclude that there is a need for a more comprehensive and integrated approach to the development of methods that can truly address the animal’s experience on farm.