Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2019
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Yanliang Wang Hans LambersSammendrag
Background To improve plant phosphorus (P)-acquisition efficiency to secure sustainable food production, an important step is to increase the concentration of plantavailable P in the rhizosphere. Root exudation of organic anions is a key strategy in mobilizing less-available soil P. Scope This review covers how organic anions (carboxylates) mobilize soil P and research methodologies applied. It then discusses the root-release of organic anions induced by low P availability and their contribution to soil P mobilization and plant P acquisition, and highlights the impact, challenges and perspectives in this research area. Conclusions The release of organic anions is increased considerably in some plant species, but very little in others under low P availability. Rhizosphere organic anions play important roles in increasing plantavailable P, but the contribution is greatly affected by many factors. In future research, improved and ecologically meaningful root exudation sampling methods, the use of mature leaf manganese (Mn) concentration or total 14C exudation as a proxy for rhizosphere carboxylates, case-by-case field experiments, molecular mechanisms underpinning organic anion biosynthesis and efflux under low P availability warrant further attention. Finally, carbon costs and multiple root trait combinations (e.g., root hairs plus root exudation) should be considered in crop breeding programs to generate more P-efficient cultivars.
Forfattere
Jordi Doltra Patricia Gallejones Jørgen E. Olesen Sissel Hansen Randi Berland Frøseth Maike Krauss Jarosław Stalenga Krzysztof Jończyk Adela Martínez-Fernández Gaio Cesare PaciniSammendrag
Soil fertility building measures should be explored at the short and long-term for an adequate evaluation of their impact on sustaining yields and of its environmental consequences in crop rotations under organic farming. For such a purpose, process-based crop models are potential useful tools to complement and upscale field observations under a range of soil and climatic conditions. Organic rotations differ in soil fertility dynamics in comparison to conventional farming but very few modelling studies have explicitly considered this specific situation. Here, we evaluate the FASSET model to predict the effects of different fertility management options in organic crop rotations on dry matter (DM) and nitrogen (N) yield, and soil N dynamics, including N2O emissions. For that, we used data from seven short and long-term field experiments in different agro-climatic environments in Europe (Norway, Denmark, Poland, Switzerland, Italy and Spain) including climate, soil and management data. Soil fertility building measures covered fertilization type, green manures, cover crops, tillage, crop rotation composition and management (organic or conventional). Model performance was evaluated by comparing observed and simulated values of crop DM and N yield, soil mineral N and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions using five complementary statistical indices. The model closely reproduced most observed DM and N yield trends and effects of soil fertility building measures in arable crops, particularly in cereals. Contrary, yields of grass-clover, especially N, were generally reproduced with low degree of accuracy. Model performance for simulating soil mineral N depended on site and the availability of soil and management information. Although high uncertainty was associated to the simulation of soil N dynamics, differences of cumulative N2O emissions between fertility building measures were reflected in model outputs. Aspects for modelling improvement include cover crop growth and decomposition, biological N fixation (BNF) or weed and pest soil-crop interactions. It is concluded that FASSET can be successfully used to investigate the impact of fertilization type, green manures, tillage and management (organic or conventional) on crop productivity and to a certain extent on soil N dynamics including soil N2O emissions at different soils and climates in organic farming in Europe.
Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Fen Qiao Ling-An Kong Huan Peng Wen-Kun Huang Du-Qing Wu Shi-Ming Liu Jihong Liu Clarke De-Wen Qiu De-Liang PengSammendrag
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Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Eva Narten HøbergSammendrag
Jernstekte kaker er de eldste kjente kakene, og kakejern for avletter eller krumkaker er dokumentert fra 1600-tallet. Vafler finnes omtalt i kilder fra 1700-tallet. Ingrediensene varierer etter tilgang på råvarer, og de enkleste besto av vann og byggmel. Enkelte oppskrifter viser også at gjær kunne tilsettes som hevingsmiddel, da sammen med rugmel eller hvetemel. Etterhvert ble egg vanlig i vaffelrøra, og også melk og melkefett i form av fløte, rømme og smør. Slike vafler ble i starten ansett som finere, siden de hadde dyrere ingredienser. Egg i vaffelrøra kunne være både fra villfugl, tamme høns og fisk. Langs kysten kunne torskerogn (fiskeegg) erstatte fugleegg i vaffelrøra. På denne måten ble verdifulle biprodukter fra kystfiske utnyttet. Dette var vanlig også på midten av 1900-tallet. De første vaffeljernene hadde langt skaft, og kunne brukes over åpen ild. Etterhvert kom jern tilpasset støpejernkomfyren. I dag har vi elektriske vaffeljern.
Forfattere
Henrik Forsberg MathiesenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Audun KorsæthSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Eva Narten HøbergSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag