Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2026
Abstract
Potato field management in Europe is already optimized for high production and tuber quality; however, numerous environmental challenges remain if the industry is to achieve “green economy” targets, such as less resources utilized, and less nitrate leached to the environment. Strategic co-scheduling irrigation and nitrogen (N) fertilization might increase resource use efficiency while minimizing reactive losses such as nitrate leaching. This study aimed to quantify the combined effect of irrigation and N fertilization on potato production, growth, and resource use efficiencies. A field experiment was conducted from 2017 to 2019 on a coarse sandy soil in Denmark, with a drought event occurring in 2018. Full (Ifull, maximized), deficit (Idef, 70–80 % of Ifull) and low irrigation treatments (Ilow, minimized amount to keep crop survival), each under full (Nfull, maximized) and variable (Nvar, variable amount according to the crops’ needs) N fertilization were applied. The analyses results show that Ilow limited potato growth under a drought-heat event; otherwise, potato growth was comparable between Ifull and Idef treatments, with 31–32 % higher irrigation efficiency (IE) under Idef than under Ifull. Nitrate leaching was variable and not significantly different among the treatments, being in general 9–13 % lower under Idef in absolute terms than under Ifull. Unexpectedly, outcomes from Nvar were statistically lower compared to those from Nfull. Radiation use efficiencies (RUEs) from Ilow and Nvar were significantly lower than from Ifull and Idef (14–19 %), and from Nfull (9–11 %). N use efficiencies (NUE) were comparable between N fertilization treatments but significantly different among different irrigation treatments. Overall, this study confirms that Idef is the best irrigation strategy. Future efforts should focus on developing improved approaches for detecting in-season crop N status and further quantifying N requirements, as well as promoting the co-scheduled management of irrigation and N fertilization. Remote sensing approaches have great potential to assist with this.
2025
Abstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Hans‐Peter Schmidt Samuel Abiven Annette Cowie Bruno Glaser Stephen Joseph Claudia Kammann Johannes Lehmann Jens Leifeld Genxing Pan Daniel Rasse Cornelia Rumpel Dominic Woolf Andrew R. Zimmerman Nikolas HagemannAbstract
ABSTRACT The application of biochar to soil is a highly durable nature‐based carbon dioxide removal (CDR) pathway. It provides certifiable climate‐change mitigation, with mean carbon residence times exceeding 1,000 years, and additional co‐benefits for soil health and fertility. Biochar persistence in soil depends on both intrinsic material properties and environmental factors. Its longevity is determined not only by the polyaromatic structure of the biochar itself but also by soil mineralogy, biological activity, and climatic conditions. Biochar aging involves both decomposition and stabilization processes. The complementary mechanisms of decomposition and stabilization include interactions of biochar with minerals and native organic matter, as well as aggregations with soil particles that maintain its long‐term persistence. Biochars and inertinite‐ranked fossil coals cannot be equated. Inertinite has been protected from biotic and abiotic oxidation for millions of years through burial in sediments and inclusion in minerals under high pressure and temperature. Biochar produced today in modern pyrolysis facilities is a fundamentally different material. No carbonaceous material is completely inert. Field and laboratory studies consistently show measurable, though small, mineralization across a wide range of biochar types. Declaring that soil‐applied biochar carbon persists at 100% over millennia is inconsistent with current scientific understanding. Analytical proxies indicate relative, but not absolute, biochar persistence. Policy definitions of biochar CDR should reflect climate‐relevant timescales. The degree of persistence should be estimated on the order of centuries rather than millennia, supported by registered material properties, traceable application data, conservative modeling, and continued long‐term field experiments for model validation.
Authors
Ingrid Vesterdal Tjessem Peter Horvath Inger Kristine Følling Volden Adam Eindride Naas Michal Torma Anders BrynAbstract
Background The global climate is warming, especially in northern regions due to high-latitude amplification. This high-latitude warming leads to range expansion with advancing tree- and forest-lines (TFLs) in the Northern Hemisphere. However, empirical studies can rarely provide a well-documented elevational expansion rate, especially for timescales longer than 40–50 years. This study provides a unique long-term dataset on TFL dynamics of Betula pubescens subsp. czerepanovii in Norway, based on a combination of resampled historical data (n = 319) and new field registrations (n = 447). Our dataset includes a total of 766 registrations from five counties in Norway. In total, the dataset contains 439 treelines and 327 forest lines, most likely representing the highest recorded TFLs for the region at the given time. For all data, both resampled and new, locality, coordinates, elevation, aspect and spatial uncertainty and the resampling/sampling methods and definitions are provided. The entire material is stored and available for download through the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) portal. New information This dataset includes newly-resampled TFLs, based on 57–127-year-old registrations. The entries provide elevational changes, georeferenced localities and potential sites for monitoring climate change effects. The entries enable regional analyses of TFL dynamics on intermediate timescales, including the effect of time lags. The material is available for modelling TFL range shifts along the boreal-alpine ecotone. This dataset most likely provides the highest registered Betula pubescens subsp. czerepanovii locations within their specific regions, thus representing the contemporary ecophysiological range limits for the life-form tree. Additional high-elevation TFL sites and localities have been added to make the material suitable for future remapping and monitoring of climatic TFL dynamics.
Abstract
A field experiment was conducted in 2022–2023 and repeated in 2023–2024, estimating plant coverages using digital processing of autumn and spring aerial images to determine fertilizer rates. Three fixed and two variable manure and mineral N rates were applied in early spring and after the first cut. Dry matter yield (DMY) and agronomic efficiency (AE) were evaluated over two seasons. A low or variable N rate based on spring coverage led to DMY and AE comparable to high N rates. Autumn coverage in the second season improved slurry application decisions, offering a valuable tool for grassland management.
Authors
Theresa Weigl Jorunn Børve Emily Follett Melissa Magerøy Hanne Larsen Carl Gunnar Fossdal Siv Fagertun RembergAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Ken Olaf StoraunetAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Abstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Carolina Falcato Fialho PalmaAbstract
No abstract has been registered