Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2003
Sammendrag
Farmers in northern Norway have experienced severe winter damage on grassland rather frequently, especially on flat areas and peat soils in regions with an unstable winter climate around zero degrees Celsius. Traditional drainage with drainpipes is normally not sufficient to prevent such damage in these areas. During the past two decades the use of open ditches and surface grading has become the main method of reclaiming and draining peat land. A new heuristic stochastic dynamic analysis method for problems like this, combining simulation and optimisation, is used to explore the profitability of surface grading of peat soils. This analysis indicates that the year in which a ley should be reseeded depends on stage in the growth curve when eventually the winter damage happens as well as on the severity of the damage. Given the present acreage subsidy payment, surface grading is normally profitable from a farmers point of view.
Forfattere
Grete StokstadSammendrag
Several factors influence the value of a lamb carcass throughout the slaughtering season, and therefore have implications for the optimal slaughtering time of lambs. The expected price of the carcass varies through the season due to: Variations in the weight of the lambs, and the growth through the season. The classification of the carcass, i.e., the price per kg changes as the lambs grow. The prices of the various quality changes throughout the season. The quality of the grazing fields limits the possible weight gain and influences the classification of lams. The grazing resources are in general limited, and will affect the possibility of fattening lambs in the fall. The objective with this study is to come up with a tool to help in determining when to slaughter which lambs in the fall when resources are limited. In order to make good decisions, the first step is to calculate the profitability of various slaughtering decisions. I use known characteristics of the lambs as weight, sex etc. to determine expected value of the carcass if slaughtered at various point in time in the future. In order to determine expected quality for the carcasses I have used a multinomial ordered probit regression model to determine the probability for obtaining a particular classification. A linear programming model is used to choose the best alternatives given limited grassing resources. The model can be used to determine optimal slaughtering decisions given a particular group of lambs and resources. By limiting the possible choices in the model, the model user may also investigate the losses associated with alternative slaughtering schemes. In this paper I describe the forecasting models for determining the value of the carcass, I describe the general linear programming model and show some results from running the model.
Sammendrag
The Norwegian Ministry of Agriculture (1999) has announced its goal of converting 10% of the total agricultural area to organic farming methods by the year 2009. Considerations of profitability and risk will be especially important, when the conversion of a farm is planned. Studies of risk and risk management in organic farming have been lacking in Norway. Only very few such studies have been carried out internationally, thus showing that there is a definite need for more risk and risk management research in organic farming. The project aims to increase knowledge about risks and risk management in organic farming systems. It is a co-operation between NILF, NORSK, and NVH. Both biological and economic aspects of risk will be taken into consideration. We wish to test and apply acknowledged statistical and risk analysis theories and methods on issues related to organic farming. The project will deal with the extent of risk in organic farming, strategies used by organic farmers to handle risk and whole-farm models to analyse optimal economic solutions under uncertainty in organic farming. The project will cover farms that are still in conversion and completely converted farms. Results from the project will directly benefit farmers and farm advisers. Politicians and public administrators will receive access to significant information for the design of future policies.
Forfattere
Christian Noell Mogens LundSammendrag
Nowadays agricultural firms are more often than in the past decades forced to adapt operations, plans, strategies etc. to changes and uncertainties in their legal and business environment. The Balanced Scorecard (BSC) as an approach to strategic controlling in agriculture is discussed as an answer to the growing management demands in Danish farms. A brief description of the BSC-concept, its development process as well as principle potentials and limitations is given. In a case example on a dairy farm the current Danish strategic planning framework and the BSC are compared. The need for a stricter orientation of strategic planning to external demands (customers, stakeholders) is emphasised. Necessary prerequisites for the implementation of the BSC-concept into practical farming are discussed. Finally five critical success factors to the BSC adoption by Danish farmers are identified.
Sammendrag
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Redaktører
Agnar HegrenesSammendrag
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Forfattere
Ole Kristian StornesSammendrag
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Forfattere
Mads SvennerudSammendrag
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