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Publikasjoner

NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.

2003

Sammendrag

Hvete fra forskjellige feltforsøk ble analysert for DON. Mengde Fusarium spp. ble bestemt morfologisk og  F. avenaceum, F. langsethiae og trichotecenproduserende gener ved kvantitativ PCR. DON ble funnet i 36 av 51 prøver i lave konsentrasjoner. Alle prøvene var infisert med F. avenaceum. En multippel regresjon viste en sterk korrelasjon mellom DON og værparameterene relativ luftfukighet og mm nedbør ved blomstring og nedbør de to siste ukene før høsting. Behandling med azoksystrobin (Amistar) økte både DON-innholdet og forekomsten av F. culmorum. Det var en positiv signifikant korrelasjon mellom F. avenaceum bestemt morfologisk og ved hjelp av PCR. Det var ingen sikker sammenheng mellom F. culmorum og  tri5 gener bestemt ved kvantitativ PCR.

Sammendrag

Mortality, injury and height growth of planted Picea abies (L.) Karst. were examined in a six-year period in eight stands in southeast Norway. There were four residual stand densities (shelterwoods of high, medium and low density, 25 x 25 m patch cut) combined with three scarification treatments (unscarified, patch scarification, inverting) in a split-plot design. Mortality was generally low during the experimental period, and did not differ significantly between the residual density treatments (mean=11.1%). Both survival and plant height after 6 years were improved by inverting, while patch scarification was intermediate but not significantly different from the unscarified alternative. The patch-cutting resulted in the tallest plants, while only minor differences in height growth were found between the shelterwood treatments. The frequency of injured plants after six years was not significantly affected by the treatments (mean=10.6%). The improved plant establishment with inverting in this study is in agreement with previous studies on clear-cuts.

Sammendrag

In this study of 130 sites with different management we investigated whether vascular plant species richness is significantly reduced when traditionally managed hay meadows are abandoned and reforested. We also compared the effects of reforestation with those of intensified land-use to see which have the largest effects on species richness. Finally, we investigated the relative importance of relevant ecological factors for species richness.While the use of artificial fertilizers in traditionally managed hay meadows has resulted in significantly lower species richness, and intensive cultivation in even lower species richness, abandonment with reforestation has not decreased the species richness significantly.Productivity and habitat diversity have determined the species richness of meadows on the scale (0.035.1 ha) of this study. Low productivity is a prerequisite for high species richness in meadows. Maximum species richness was observed in unproductive, old, traditionally managed hay meadows with a high soil pH and high habitat diversity. The high species richness of these meadows suggests that they are in urgent need of conservation.

Sammendrag

Research on reindeer pastures has mostly concentrated on lichen-dominated winter pastures, while summer pastures have gained less attention. We studied the effect of reindeer grazing on the quality of summer pastures in the Näkkälä reindeer herding district, northern Finland. The study plots on wetlands were established based on reindeer herders" knowledge and are situated on both sides of the border fence that was built between Finland and Norway in the late 1950"s. On the Finnish side the pastures are grazed both in summer and winter but in Norway only in winter. This has resulted in a natural long-term experimental design by which differently managed sites with ostensibly similar vegetation, soils and environmental conditions can be compared. The parameters studied were the composition, cover and structure of vegetation, peak season biomass and soil nutrient-content. In addition, minerals, nitrogen and digestibility of green leaf tissues from Eriophorum angustifolium and Salix lapponum were measured. These were prominent species in the habitats used by animals during summer. The leaves were collected both in the beginning and at the end of growing season. Vegetation composition, cover, structure and species frequencies were measured using standardized protocols and stratified random sampling methods. Biomass was studied by clipping the plants from the same quadrats after counting. Preliminary results indicate that Salix lapponum suffers from grazing. Plant cover, biomass and height of S. lapponum were significant lower on the Finnish side compared to the Norwegian side. While the amount of S. lapponum available as forage has clearly been reduced by long-term summer grazing under the recent stocking rates, ongoing analyses will determine whether or not forage quality has also been affected. In addition, fenced enclosures will illuminate the resilience of this important forage species.

Sammendrag

Vekstreguleringsmidlet trineksapak-etyl (Moddus) ble prøvd ut i 37 norske frøavlsforsøk fra 1998 til 2002.  I Trøndelag førte Moddus (15 g vs/daa ved Z 45-51) til 52% avlingsauke sammenlikna med usprøyta kontroll og 25% avlingsauke sammenlikna med klormekvatklorid (CCC, 200 g vs. ved Z 31-32). PÅ Østlandet utgjorde avlingsauken for Moddus (15 g vs. ved Z 31-32) 18% i timotei, 43% i hundegras, 36% i engkvein og 21% i engsvingel. Sammenlikna med avlingsgevisten ved CCC-sprøyting (200 g vs/daa ved Z 31-32) var denne meravlinga  litt mindre i timotei, omtrent lik i hundegras og engkvein og betydelig større i engsvingel. I rødsvingel gav kombinasjonen av CCC ved Z 31-32 og Moddus ved Z 45-51 større avlingsauke enn om ett av preparatene ble brukt alene. I bladfaks var Moddus effektive bare sein sprøyting (Z 45-51), men avlingsauken ved denne behandlinga var mindre enn ved CCC-sprøyting ved Z 31-32.  Moddus hadde ingen sikker virkning på frøavlinga av strandrør eller engrapp.  Basert på disse forsøka er nå Moddus godkjent i norsk frøavl av timotei, engsvingel, hundegras, rødsvingel, engkvein og bladfaks.

Sammendrag

God overvintring er avgjørende for å lykkes med dyrking av høsthvete (Triticum aestivum L.). Risiko beregninger for dyrking av høsthvete i et klima i endring og på nye steder avhenger mye av tilgang på overvintringsmodeller som kan kvantifisere forhold mellom ulike klimatiske faktorer og plantenes evne til å overleve vinteren. Feltforsøk ble anlagt vinteren 2002/03 på tre steder, Stjørdal (63°29"N, 10°52"E, 26 moh ), Selbu (63°20"N, 11°01"E, 165 moh) and Oppdal (62°34"N, 9°40"E, 590 moh), med to høsthvete-sorter, Bjørke og Portal. Alle plantene ble sådd i kasser og herdet ute under naturlige forhold i Stjørdal. I november ble de så distribuert til de tre feltene. En gang i måneden fra november til april ble planter hentet inn fra feltene og testet for frost toleranse, vekstpotensial og innhold av karbohydrater. Resultater fra disse feltforsøkene vil bli brukt i det videre arbeidet med å utvikle en overvintringsmodell for høsthvete.