Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2008
Sammendrag
På seinsommaren 2008 vart bladskimmel for første gong påvist i lisespringfrø (Impatiens walleriana) i Noreg. Sjukdomen fører til misvekst, bladgulning, knopp og bladfall. Store angrep er registrert i Oslo og Bergen. Mikroskop-studium og molekylære analysar tilseier at det er arten Plasmopara obducens som har gitt skaden
Sammendrag
På seinsommaren 2008 vart bladskimmel for første gong påvist i lisespringfrø (Impatiens walleriana) i Noreg. Sjukdomen fører til misvekst, bladgulning, knopp- og bladfall. Store åtak er registrert i grøntanlegg og privathagar i Oslo og Bergen.
Forfattere
jihong liu clarke Carl Jonas Jorge Spetz Sissel Haugslien Dag-Ragnar Blystad Merete Wiken Dees Shaochen Xing Roar MoeSammendrag
Abstract Poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. Ex Klotzsch), is a contemporary symbol of Christmas in most parts of the world. Today, Europe and North America represent the largest volume of production and sales, but demand is growing quickly in the other regions as poinsettia becomes more popular each year. In Norway, poinsettia is one of the most important pot plants, with a yearly production close to 6 million plants. Its ornamental value and innovation potential have laid the foundation for extensive research in Norway and elsewhere. Poinsettia mosaic virus (PnMV) can cause diseases in modern poinsettia cultivars. PnMV is a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus that belongs to the family Tymoviridae. Infection of poinsettia plants with PnMV results in mosaic symptoms during parts of the growing season, which in turn decreases the commercial value of this ornamental plant. Thus, growers are interested in the potential benefits of growing PnMV-free poinsettias. PnMV-free poinsettia plants can be obtained by heat treatment or in vitro culture of apical meristems, which are time-consuming and cost-ineffective methods. There is a need for a new and effective alternative approach, like Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, which can overcome these difficulties. Therefore, we have developed an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation approach for poinsettia for the first time. Internode stem explants of poinsettia cv. Millenium were transformed by Agrobacterium tumefaciens, strain LBA 4404, harbouring three hairpin (hp) RNA gene constructs to induce RNA silencing-mediated resistance to Poinsettia mosaic virus (PnMV). Prior to transformation, an efficient somatic embryogenesis system was developed for poinsettia cv. Millenium in which about 75 % of the explants produced somatic embryos. In five experiments utilizing 868 explants, 18 independent transgenic lines were generated. Stable integration of transgenes into the poinsettia nuclear genome was confirmed by PCR and Southern blot analysis. Both single- and multiple-copy transgene integration into the poinsettia genome were detected among transformants. Northern blot analysis confirmed the production of transgene-derived small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). Transgenic lines showing resistance to mechanical inoculation of PnMV were detected by double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (DAS-ELISA). The Agrobacterium-mediated transformation methodology developed in the current study should facilitate improvement of this ornamental plant with enhanced disease resistance, quality improvement and desirable colour alteration. Because poinsettia is a non-food, non-feed plant and is not propagated through sexual reproduction, this is likely to be more acceptable even in areas where genetically modified crops are currently not cultivated.
Forfattere
Jihong Liu Clarke Carl Jonas Jorge Spetz Sissel Haugslien Shaochen Xing Merete Dees Roar Moe Dag-Ragnar BlystadSammendrag
Agrobacterium-mediated transformation for poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. Ex Klotzsch) is reported here for the first time. Internode stem explants of poinsettia cv. Millenium were transformed by Agrobacterium tumefaciens, strain LBA 4404, harbouring virus-derived hairpin (hp) RNA gene constructs to induce RNA silencing-mediated resistance to Poinsettia mosaic virus (PnMV). Prior to transformation, an efficient somatic embryogenesis system was developed for poinsettia cv. Millenium in which about 75% of the explants produced somatic embryos. In 5 experiments utilizing 868 explants, 18 independent transgenic lines were generated. An average transformation frequency of 2.1% (range 1.2-3.5%) was revealed. Stable integration of transgenes into the poinsettia nuclear genome was confirmed by PCR and Southern blot analysis. Both single- and multiple-copy transgene integration into the poinsettia genome were found among transformants. Transgenic poinsettia plants showing resistance to mechanical inoculation of PnMV were detected by double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA). Northern blot analysis of low molecular weight RNA revealed that transgene-derived small interfering (si) RNA molecules were detected among the poinsettia transformants prior to inoculation. The Agrobacterium-mediated transformation methodology developed in the current study should facilitate improvement of this ornamental plant with enhanced disease resistance, quality improvement and desirable colour alteration. Because poinsettia is a non-food, non-feed plant and is not propagated through sexual reproduction, this is likely to be more acceptable even in areas where genetically modified crops are currently not cultivated.
Forfattere
Tor Håkon Sivertsen Josef Eitzinger Sabina Thaler Simone Orlandini Pavol Nejedlik Valentin Kazandjiev Visnja Vucetic Dragutin Mihailovic Branislava Lalic Emmanuel Tsiros Nicolas R. Dalezios Andreja Susnik K. Christian Kersebaum Nicholas M. Holden Robin MatthewsSammendrag
During the past decades, in connection with the development of computers, many new software tools were developed to be used for agricultural research as well as for decision making. For example, crop and whole farm system modelling, pest and disease warning models/algorithms, models for irrigation scheduling or agroclimatic indices can help farmers significantly in decision-making for crop management options and related farm technologies. In research models can be used to simulate and analyse the complex connections in the soil-plant-atmosphere system for example in the important field of climate change impacts on agricultural production. All these modelled systems and their interactions include however many different kind of uncertainties and limitations, such as trends in technology and human activities, models representation of reality, lack of knowledge on system responses or lack of calibration data. Much research was done worldwide in the field of model development, model improvements or model comparisons. The aims of Working group 1 of COST734 was a review and assessment of agroclimatic indices and simulation models relevant for various European agricultural activities. The results of an europeanwide survey are presented in this study. It includes an overview of most used agrometeorological or agroclimatic indices and process oriented crop models for operational as well as scientific applications, an analysis of the limitations for applications and an overview of spatial applications in combination with GIS and remote sensing in Europe.
Sammendrag
Agurkgrønnmosaikkvirus (Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus, CGMMV) har blitt funnet i fire gartnerier i Norge i 2007. Avlingstall fra et gartneri indikerer at CGMMV kan forårsake avlingstap opp mot 40-50 % i salgbar avling. Kartleggingsdata fra 2007 tilsier at CGMMV er en skadegjører som kan anses å være av begrenset utbredelse i veksthusagurk. CGMMV har trolig ikke vært til stede i norsk agurk produksjon siden 1983 og tilfellene som har blitt funnet i 2007 kan ansees for å være nye introduksjoner inn i PRA området. På grunn av potensielt høye avlingstap i moderne agurkproduksjon, rask spredning og vanskelighetene og kostnadene forbundet med å bekjempe viruset, må CGMMV ansees for å være en trussel for moderne, intensiv agurkdyrking i Norge. Den potensielle skaden består av avlingstap, direkte kostnader forbundet med bekjempelse (arbeid, kjemikalier, opphold i dyrkinga) og indirekte kostnader knyttet til vanskeliggjort samarbeid med andre dyrkere og usikkerhet i markedssituasjonen.
Forfattere
Guro HenselSammendrag
Gjennomgang av de ulike renseløsninger for mindre avløpsrenseanlegg: slamavskiller, infiltrasjonsanlegg, sandfilteranlegg, filterbedanlegg, minirenseanlegg, biologisk filter for gråvann
Forfattere
Trygve S. AamlidSammendrag
Dette foredraget gir råd om vekstregulering og soppsprøyting i frøeng av timotei og engsvingel foran vekstsesongen 2008. Foredraget oppfordrer også til at det tegnes kontrakter på økologisk timoteifrøavl i Aust-Agder.
Forfattere
Ragnhild NærstadSammendrag
Tørråtevarslingen I VIPS består av tre deler, tidlige funn, Negativprognosen og Førsunds varsler. Fra kartet over tidlige funn kan man se at tørråteangrepet kom seinere i 2008 enn normalt. Dette var på grunn av en tørr forsommer. Arbeidet med en forbedring av tørråtevarslingen ble presentert.
Forfattere
Ragnhild NærstadSammendrag
Tørråtevarslingen I VIPS består av tre deler, tidlige funn, Negativprognosen og Førsunds varsler. Fra kartet over tidlige funn kan man se at tørråteangrepet kom seinere i 2008 enn normalt. Dette var på grunn av en tørr forsommer. Arbeidet med en forbedring av tørråtevarslingen ble presentert. "Tørrflekksyke" symptomene som tidvis observeres ser ikke ut til å skyldes angrep av Alternaria.