Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2009
Forfattere
Ola Hanserud Ingrid L.P. NyborgSammendrag
The paper presents observations and experiences from the South Asian Earthquake in 2005 in Pakistan and discusses the effects of a lack of participatory methods on mitigating for future natural disasters in the region. The paper aims to be a support to implementing and donor organizations and practitioners in the water and sanitation sector, and also seeks to contribute to an improvement in WATSAN approaches in post disaster reconstruction and development.A major earthquake hit parts of Northern Pakistan in October 2005, and the following relief and reconstruction efforts indicated how far the international humanitarian society has come in its approaches towards the local. It was observed that local communities to a large extent were left out of important decision making processes regarding the reconstruction of water and sanitation facilities. This paper argues that in order to mitigate for future earthquakes in the region and any earthquake prone zones in developing countries, the development approaches promoted have to be reconsidered based on the actual processes taking place on the ground. Many national and international humanitarian and developmental organizations already have policy papers promoting participatory approaches in water and sanitation, but the South Asian Earthquake (SAEQ) post disaster efforts effectively showed that there is a considerable gap between paper and practice. In many of the NGOs and INGOs working in the area it seemed to be common practice to implement projects with a minimum of local involvement. This practice will possibly save the organization time in a tight implementation schedule, but ultimately compromises the capacity of the local communities to manage the water supply systems in the longer term and to tackle maintenance and repairs when needed. Men and women"s understanding of and contribution to the development of appropriate water and sanitation systems is central to ensure local motivation, recovery and development. We argue that a reconstruction process in which representatives from the local communities are not only included, but also given the power to discuss and influence the process outcomes, is crucial for the communities to gain sufficient competence and self confidence. This is possibly the single most important factor to mitigate and prepare for a future disaster. It is also important to support the existing relevant local government institutions, and to strengthen their capacity to cope with the new emergency and reconstruction situation. For example, in the SAEQ local government was hugely understaffed, and was thus often a bottleneck for organizations in obtaining the necessary papers to implement projects within water supply and sanitation.
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