Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2009
Forfattere
Trygve S. Aamlid Peter J. Landschoot David R. HuffSammendrag
Lack of winter hardiness is a limitation to the use of annual meadowgrass (Poa annua f. reptans) on golf course putting greens in northern climates. Our objectives were 1) to assess the tolerance of 13 selections of annual meadowgrass to simulated ice encasement (SIE) and pink snow mould (PSM, Microdochium nivale); 2) to determine if these tolerances were interrelated or related to plant concentrations of water soluble carbohydrates (WSC); and 3) to determine if tolerance to SIE can be associated with accumulation of toxic substances. Samples of the annual meadowgrass selections were taken from an experimental green at University Park, Pennsylvania, on four dates from 23 Nov. 2005 until 27 Mar. 2006. Samples of creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) ‘Penn A-4" were included for comparison in studies on SIE and WSC. Samples were vacuum-sealed in plastic bags at 1ºC for SIE and inoculated with three isolates of M. nivale for PSM tolerance. Small, but significant differences were found among annual meadowgrass selections after 23 days of SIE, but all selections were dead after 33 days. Significant differences were detected in foliar blighting after inoculation with M.nivale, regrowth relative to uninoculated control being three times higher in the most tolerant than in the most susceptible selections. In late November, two annual meadowgrass selections contained significantly more WSC than creeping bentgrass, but this was not correlated with tolerance to SIE or PSM, which were also not interrelated. A separate experiment with increasing duration of SIE to one of the annual meadowgrass selections and ‘Penn A-4" showed that the critical exposure periods were 25-30 and 42-47 days, respectively. The concentrations of the phytotoxic compounds butanol and ethylbutyrate were two to three times higher in annual meadowgrass than in creeping bentgrass.
Forfattere
Trygve S. Aamlid Mats Larsbo Nick JarvisSammendrag
Soil water repellency in golf putting greens may induce preferential "finger flow", leading to enhanced leaching of surface applied agrochemicals such as fungicides and nitrate. We examined the effects of root zone composition and the use of the non-ionic surfactant Revolution on soil water repellency, soil water content distributions, infiltration rates, turf quality, and fungicide and nitrate leaching from April 2007 to April 2008. The study was made on 4-year-old experimental green seeded with creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L) ‘Penn A-4" at Landvik in southeast Norway. Eight lysimeters with two different root zone materials: (i) straight sand (1% gravel, 96% sand, 3% silt and clay, and 4 g kg-1 organic matter) (SS) and (ii) straight sand mixed with Sphagnum peat to an organic matter content of 25 g kg-1 (SP) were used in this study. Surfactant treatment reduced the spatial variability of water contents, increased infiltration rates and reduced water drop penetration times (WDPTs) by on average 99% in and just below the thatch layer. These effects were most evident for SS lysimeters. Surfactant treatment resulted on average in an 80% reduction of total fungicide leaching, presumably due to reduced preferential finger flow facilitated by decreased soil water repellency. Peat amendment reduced fungicide leaching by 90%, probably due to increased sorption of the fungicides to organic matter. Nitrate leaching was also smaller from surfactant-treated straight-sand root zones, but this effect was not significant.
Forfattere
Anna-Karin Borg-Karlsson Anna-Karin Borg-Karlsson Jerry Cross Lene SigsgaardSammendrag
Introduction: The strawberry blossom weevil, Anthonomus rubi, is a major pest insect of cultivated strawberry in northern part of Europe. The weevils deposit eggs in the flower buds before it sever the buds from their stalks, leading to a direct loss of crop. The aim of this project is to develop an effective plant protection method without insecticides, to be used in both conventional and organic agriculture.Methods: Volatiles emitted by the strawberry plants were collected using SPME and identified by GC/MS. In field studies which took place in Norway, Denmark and UK funnel traps bated with different plant volatile compounds and the pheromone blend Grandlure were tested. The volatiles were tested separately and in mixtures. On the background of the results from the first two years optimisation of the mixture were carried out during the third year of field trails. This process included adding more test compounds and testing the most potent compound at different concentrations. In addition, modified traps were tested for improving insect catch rates. Results: The chemical analysis of the host volatiles identified several compounds present in different quantities. At some study sites traps baited with one of the identified plant compound and Grandlure showed significant increased attraction compared to traps bated with the single plant compound or only Grandelure. The results from the optimisation process showed different catch rates of weevils according to composition of the volatile mixture and the trap design.Conclusions: The result shows that there may be is a synergistic effect between one of the plant volatile compounds and the pheromone blend Grandlure when used as bait for trapping strawberry blossom weevils. However, this attraction can be reduced by adding more compounds. Hopefully, the result from this study will generate knowledge important for developing a new plant protection method for strawberry.
Forfattere
Sissel HansenSammendrag
The objective was to investigate the effect of soil compaction by tractor traffic on N2O emission from soil fertilized with cattle slurry or compound fertilizer with NH4NO3. Soil compaction led to a strong increase in N2O emission in soil fertilized with NH4NO3. In cattle slurry treatments the effects of soil compaction were more ambiguous, but also in treatment cattle slurry the observed N2O emissions increased.
Forfattere
Sissel Hansen Grete Lene Serikstad Mona Ringnes Marina BlekenSammendrag
Lystgass (N2O) er en nitrogenforbindelse som bidrar til global oppvarming. Lystgass har en oppvarmingseffekt som er ca 300 ganger så stor som CO2 per kg gass. Denne posteren handler om faktorer som påvirker lystgassutslipp og muligheter til å redusere utslipp fra landbruket.
Forfattere
Sissel HansenSammendrag
Bidrar vi gjennom vårt arbeid til at barn av i dag og våre barnebarnsbarn har mulighet til å møte sine behov ?For å sikre bærekraftig økologisk, husdyrløs produksjon er det viktig å :Senke nedgangen i jordas innhold av organisk materiale, Bedre utnyttingen av nitrogen samlet i grønngjødsel, Tilbakeføre næringsstoff fra samfunnet, Forbedre utnytting av fosfor og andre begrensede næringsstoffIkke etterape løsninger tilpasset konvensjonelt landbruk, men tenke økologi og ha nok innsikt til å se agronomien inn i en helhetlig sammenheng
Forfattere
Anne Falk ØgaardSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Anne Falk ØgaardSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Anne Falk Øgaard Trond Knapp HaraldsenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Anne Falk ØgaardSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag