Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2009
Forfattere
Håvard SteinshamnSammendrag
The review confirms that feeding legume silage leads to higher DMI and milk production than grass. White clover is superior to red clover and red clover to lucerne in milk yield relative to intake. Milk fat content is lower on red clover than on grass diets and red clover yield milk with lower protein content than white clover and lucerne. Red clover yields milk with higher proportion of the fatty acids C18:2n-5 and C18:3n-3 than grass and higher content of equol than grass and white clover.
Sammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Sammendrag
Thirty-two dairy farms in Middle-Norway participated in a field study in 2007 and 2008. Nine organic farms with short-term grassland (SO) were paired with 9 conventional farms with short-term grassland (SC) and 7 organic farms with long-term grassland (LO) were paired with 7 conventional farms with long-term grassland (LC) with regard to proximity and calving pattern. Every second month feed and tanker milk samples were collected from each farm. Data from the Norwegian dairy herd recording system were collected and botanical composition before first cut in 2007 was analysed. Milk samples were analysed for chemical composition, fatty acid composition, vitamin concentration, selenium concentration and phytoestrogen concentration. In this paper results from 2007 are presented. Milk quality was more influenced by production system then grassland system. Higher proportions of SFA and lower proportion of oleic acid in milk from O compared to C may be a future challenge for adjusting feed ratios in organic farming in Norway. Red clover stands for the main botanical effect in this study with strong effect on equol concentrations. The potential health effects of equol should be investigated further.
Forfattere
Hege Nordheim-Viken Harald VoldenSammendrag
It is concluded that the ruminal aNDF degradation characteristics are affected by maturity Stage, and interactions with climatic factors such as temperature and water availability probably interact with maturity stage. Precautions should he made when prediction feed degradation characteristics from multiple regression analyses. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V.
Forfattere
Steffen Adler Håvard Steinshamn Annette Veberg Dahl Anne Holter Vae Erling Thuen Torstein Garmo Søren Krogh-JensenSammendrag
A continuous grazing experiment with three measurement periods, 3 weeks each, was conducted with 16 Norwegian Red dairy cows in mid lactation to compare milk quality when grazing red clover-grass (R) or botanical diverse pasture (D). The cows were offered either R or D from the start of grazing season in mid May until beginning of September 2008. Milk yield was measured and milk samples were collected in the last week in each period (end of June, beginning of August and end of August). Pasture type had no effect on milk yield and milk content of fat or protein. Cows grazing R had higher proportion of the fatty acids C18:0 (22.41 vs. 9.96, P
Forfattere
Steffen Adler Annette Veberg Dahl Håvard Steinshamn Anne Holter Vae Erling Thuen Torstein H. Garmo Søren Krogh-JensenSammendrag
A continuous grazing experiment with three measurement periods, 3 weeks each, was conducted with 16 Norwegian Red dairy cows in mid lactation to compare milk quality when grazing red clover-grass (R) or botanical diverse pasture (D). The cows were offered either R or D from the start of grazing season in mid May until beginning of September 2008. Milk yield was measured and milk samples were collected in the last week in each period (end of June, beginning of August and end of August). Pasture type had no effect on milk yield and milk content of fat or protein. Cows grazing R had higher proportion of the fatty acids C18:0 (22.41 vs. 9.96, P<0.05) and C18:1t11 (0.58 vs. 0.44 g/100g FAME, P<0.05) and lower proportion of C16:0 (27.83 vs. 30.92, P<0.05) in their milk fat than the cows grazing D. The milk content of ?-tocopherol was higher in milk from R than D (3.01 vs. 2.64 µg/ml, P<0.05). The oxidative stability of the milk lipids were only minor affected by pasture type.
Forfattere
Sissel HansenSammendrag
The objective was to investigate the effect of soil compaction by tractor traffic on N2O emission from soil fertilized with cattle slurry or compound fertilizer with NH4NO3. Soil compaction led to a strong increase in N2O emission in soil fertilized with NH4NO3. In cattle slurry treatments the effects of soil compaction were more ambiguous, but also in treatment cattle slurry the observed N2O emissions increased.
Forfattere
Ellen Mosleth Færgestad Anette Moldestad Bernt Hoel Arne Oddvar Skjelvåg Anne Kjersti UhlenSammendrag
Det er ikke registrert sammendrag
Forfattere
Vitalis Wafula Wekesa Gilberto Jose de Moraes Edwin Moisés Marcos Ortega Italo Delalibera Jr.Sammendrag
The fungal pathogen Neozygites floridana Weiser and Muma has been evaluated as a classical biologicalcandidate for introduction into Africa against the invasive tomato red spider mite Tetranychus evansiBaker and Pritchard. In this study, the effect of temperature on sporulation, germination and virulenceof three isolates of N. floridana collected from T. evansi in three climatically distinct regions of Braziland Argentina was determined. Six constant temperatures of 13 C, 17 C, 21 C, 25 C, 29 C and 33 Cwere tested for their effect on the ability of the three fungal isolates to sporulate, germinate and killthe mites. Six alternating-temperature regimes of 17-13 C, 21-13 C, 29-13 C, 33-13 C, 33-23 C,33-28 C under a 12 h photophase were also tested to estimate virulence of the three isolates againstT. evansi. The Vipos isolate discharged more conidia than isolates from Recife or Piracicaba at all temperaturesand sporulation was strongly temperature dependent. Optimal sporulation rates were observed at25 C while optimal germination rates were observed at 25 C and 29 C. At 29 C, the shortest mean survivaltime of T. evansi (3.16 days, 95% CI of 3.05-3.27) was observed for the isolate from Vipos, while thelongest LT50 (3.47 days, 95% CI 3.34-3.59) was observed for the isolate from Piracicaba. Mortality of mitesincreased as the differences between alternating day and night temperatures increased from 8 C (21-13 C), to 10 C (33-23 C), to 16 C (29-13 C), with smallest and highest temperature differences of4 C (17-13 C) and 20 C (33-13 C), both producing low mortalities. The overall results suggest thatthe Vipos isolate is better adapted to a wider range of temperatures than the other isolates tested.
Forfattere
Anne Kjersti Bakken Lars Olav Brandsæter Ragnar Eltun Sissel Hansen Kjell Mangerud Reidun Pommeresche Hugh RileySammendrag
The relative effects of using light (2-3 Mg) versus heavier (5-7 Mg) tractors, shallow (15 cm) versus deeper (25 cm) ploughing and on-land versus in-furrow wheel placement during ploughing were investigated from 2003 to 2006 in organic rotations (wheat or barley, green manure, oats with peas) and conventionally fertilized barley. Trials were located on loam soil in south-eastern Norway and silty clay loam in central Norway. Ploughing was performed in spring, when the topsoil moisture content was at or below field capacity, using single furrow ploughs that allowed alternative wheel placement and resulted in complete coverage of the surface by wheels each year (ca. 3 times the normal coverage during ploughing). Low tyre inflation pressures (:<= 80 kPa) were used throughout. The use of a heavy tractor increased topsoil bulk density slightly in the loam soil, and, in combination with in-furrow wheeling, it reduced air-filled pore space and air permeability at 18-22 cm. On the silty clay loam, the use of a heavy tractor did not increase bulk density, but it reduced air-filled pore space throughout the topsoil. In-furrow wheeling reduced air-filled pore space in this soil also, compared to on-land wheeling. Penetration resistance was in this soil always greater at 15-25 cm depth after shallow than after deep ploughing, especially with in-furrow rather than on-land wheeling. Shallow ploughing led on both soils to marked increases in perennial weed biomass compared to deep ploughing. Earthworms were hardly affected by the treatments, but in the loam in 2006 a higher number of individuals were found where the light rather than the heavy tractor had been used. Few significant treatment effects were found on grain yield and quality. Deep ploughing with a light tractor gave the highest wheat yield and protein content in 2 years on the loam soil, and on the silty clay loam the yield of conventionally fertilized barley was higher after deep than after shallow ploughing. In summary, limited evidence was found to support the use of on-land rather than in-furrow wheeling when ploughing is performed at favourable soil moisture and with tractor weights < 5 Mg. There is, however, reason to be wary of using heavy tractors (> 5 Mg), even under such conditions. With regard to ploughing depth in organic rotations dominated by cereals, the need to combat perennial weeds by deep ploughing weighs probably more heavily than any possible beneficial effect of shallow ploughing on stimulating nutrient turnover. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.