Publikasjoner
NIBIOs ansatte publiserer flere hundre vitenskapelige artikler og forskningsrapporter hvert år. Her finner du referanser og lenker til publikasjoner og andre forsknings- og formidlingsaktiviteter. Samlingen oppdateres løpende med både nytt og historisk materiale. For mer informasjon om NIBIOs publikasjoner, besøk NIBIOs bibliotek.
2011
Forfattere
Tatsiana Espevig Michelle DaCosta Lindsey Hoffman Trygve S. Aamlid Anne Marte Tronsmo Bingru Huang Chenping XuSammendrag
Winter injury of temperate grasses used for turf is a significant problem in northern climatic regions. Field trials at two locations in Norway previously demonstrated differences in winter survival between two Agrostis species, velvet bentgrass (Agrostis canina L.) and creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stoloniferaL.). The freezing tolerance is an important component of winter hardiness of turfgrasses and it was studied under controlled environments. We also determined the crown carbohydrate and protein changes at different stages of cold acclimation of velvet bentgrass and creeping bentgrass and assessed their relationship to freezing tolerance. Similar freezing tolerance in velvet bentgrass and creeping bentgrass was associated with similar levels of sucrose in crown tissue of acclimated plants. Significantly higher crown fructan content in creeping bentgrass than in velvet bentgrass had no significantimpact on LT50 and suggested negligible direct contribution of fructans to freezing tolerance. Increased freezing tolerance in response to cold acclimation was associated with enhanced amino acid synthesis, since serine hydroxymethyltrasfernse and methionine synthase were up-regulated by acclimation. The first acclimation stage caused more changes in the crown protein composition than subzero cclimation.
Sammendrag
We overview the main goals and results of ongoing research on carbon cycle of agricultural lands in Hungary. This multi-scale and multi-objective research aims at a better understanding of CO2 exchange between agricultural ecosystems and the atmosphere. The integration of field measurements, laboratory measurements and remote sensing makes it possible to distinguish between and to evaluate the importance of different biotic and abiotic drivers of CO2 exchange on multiple spatial and temporal scales. Spatially representative data based on remote sensing provides invaluable information to constrain regional scale estimations of carbon balance of agricultural lands. The main three pillars of carbon cycle research in our case are field and laboratory measurements of soil respiration, field measurements of ecosystem CO2 fluxes (using the eddy-covariance method), and remote sensing based modelling of carbon cycle components. Measurement sites include various agricultural fields: crop rotation, peach plantation, croplands of a mixed agricultural landscape. Heterogeneous agricultural vegetation is a typical land cover type that occupies major parts ofHungary.
Forfattere
Ragnar TveteråsSammendrag
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Forfattere
Andrea FickeSammendrag
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Forfattere
Marte Haave Kristin Ingvaldsen Folven Thomas Carroll Chris Glover Einar Heegaard Trond Brattelid Christer Hogstrand Anne Katrine Lundebye-HaldorsenSammendrag
Nutrients in seafood are known to be beneficial for brain development. Effects of maternal exposure to 2,2′,4,4′ tetrabromo diphenylether (BDE47) was investigated, alongside the potential ameliorating impact of seafood nutrients, through assessment of neurobehaviour and gene expression in brain and liver. Developing mice were exposed during gestation and lactation via dams dosed through casein- or salmon-based feed, spiked with BDE47. Two concentrations were used: a low level (6 μg/kg feed) representing an environmentally realistic concentration and a high level (1,900 μg/kg feed) representing a BDE47 intake much higher than expected from frequents consumption of contaminated seafood. Experimental groups were similar with respect to reproductive success, growth and physical development. Minor, transient changes in neurobehavioural metrics were observed in groups given the highest dose of BDE47. No significant differences in behaviour or development were seen on postnatal day 18 among maternally exposed offspring. Cerebral gene expression investigated by microarray analyses and validated by RT-qPCR showed low fold changes for all genes, despite dose-dependent accumulation of BDE47 in brain tissue. The gene for glutamate ammonia ligase was upregulated compared to control in the casein-based high BDE47diet, suggesting potential impacts on downstream synaptic transmission. The study supported a previously observed regulation of Igfbp2 in brain with BDE47 exposure. Genes for hepatic metabolic enzymes were not influenced by BDE47. Potential neurotoxic effects and neurobehavioural aberrations after perinatal exposure to high levels of BDE47 were not readily observed in mice pups with the present experimental exposure regimes and methods of analysis.
Sammendrag
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Forfattere
Anne Kjersti Bakken Åshild T. Randby Peter UdénSammendrag
The objective was to investigate whether the concentration, composition and rumen in sacco degradability of the neutral detergent fibre fraction in forages are affected by preservation method. A mixed crop of timothy, meadow fescue and red clover was preserved as hay, direct-cut or wilted silage at succeeding developmental stages. Pure crops of timothy and perennial ryegrass were preserved as direct-cut silage only. In both grasses and mixed crops, and especially at early phenological stages, restricted silage fermentation after addition of formic acid caused considerable degradation of ash-free neutral detergent fibre (aNDFom). In direct-cut mixed and pure grass silages, the aNDFom content was 50 and 40 g/kg DM lower than in the respective fresh crops. For grasses, the indigestible proportion of aNDFom was higher in silages than in the corresponding herbage. There were few differences in fibre characteristics between restrictedly fermented silages and silages that were extensively fermented due to inoculation with lactic acid bacteria. Irrespective of crop developmental stage, wilting for silage production and drying to hay led to a considerable increase in the aNDFom content, amounting to nearly 90 g/kg DM for the grass-clover crop. The increase was possibly caused by formation of N compounds which were recovered in the degradable fraction of aNDFom and of indegradable products. Ensiling reversed effects of wilting on aNDFom. Results indicate that predictions of feed intake or structural value of forages based on total content and degradability of aNDFom may be biased by changes in the fibre fraction during preservation.
Sammendrag
Extensive landscape and vegetation changes are apparent within rural districts of Norway, especially as forest regrowth on abandoned agricultural land. Forest regrowth changes the landscape and vegetation heterogeneity, thus affecting management issues related to, for example, biodiversity and landscape aesthetics. By comparing up-to-date actual vegetation maps (AVMs), interpreted previous vegetation maps (IPVs), and potential natural vegetation maps (PNVs), we assess and quantify structural changes on a landscape level which are important for biological diversity and also the tourism industry. Our findings indicate that landscapes in rural districts of Norway have changed and that changes will continue in the future. The landscapediversity did not decrease from the 1970s until 2009. Further forest regrowth however, will lead to reduced landscape heterogeneity, while landscape connectivity will increase.