Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2011
Abstract
No abstract has been registered
Abstract
Three primary causal agents are involved in the leaf blotch disease (LBD) complex of Norwegian winter and spring wheat: Phaesophaeria nodorum, Mycospaerella tritici, and Pyrenophora drechslera-tritici. The dynamics of symptom development, similarity of symptoms caused by each agent, and confounding of disease symptoms by leaf senescence interfere with accurate assessment of disease. Empirical and regression models for disease and yield loss forecasting are only as good as the data upon which they are based. Accurately describing the relationship between symptoms and yield loss is therefore critical to meaningful economic thresholds for management decisions and advisory systems. A general guideline for yield loss and disease severity has been described as 1% yield loss per 1% disease severity on the flag leaf at BBCH stage 70-75 (King et al., 1983). However, several years of field trials in Norway indicate that disease severity can increase exponentially during these developmental stages, making disease severity highly dependent upon time of assessment. LBD severity on flag leaves of the spring wheat variety ‘Bjarne’ at two different locations in 2010 varied during the above BBCH stages from 27% to 44% and from 4.45% to 23.2%. Different varieties may compensate differently for loss of photosynthetic area on the flag leaf due to leaf blotch pathogens, rendering the general guide line for yield loss inaccurate. Preliminary studies in Norway indicated that the relation between yield reduction (TKW) and disease severity of the flag leaf differed substantially for five different spring varieties and ranged from 0.03 to 1.4 at BBCH 70 and from 0.8 to 4.1 at BBCH 75, at one field site at Aas, Norway in 2010. The causes of the observed variation in the relationship between flag leaf severity and yield reduction are poorly understood. Effects of other diseases are not accounted for by leaf blotch assessments, nor are fungicides applied to reference plots necessarily eliminating all disease effects on yield. Timing of assessments may be as critical as the accuracy of the assessments; making it necessary to time the assessments properly, and distinguish clearly between leaf senescence and leaf blotch symptoms.
Authors
May Sæthre I. Godonou S. Leclercq G.T. Yoto B JamesAbstract
No abstract has been registered
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No abstract has been registered
Authors
Lars T. HavstadAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Nicholas Clarke Richard Fischer Wim De Vries Lars Lundin Dario Papale Timo Vesala Päivi Merilä Giorgio Matteucci Michael Mirtl David Simpson Elena PaolettiAbstract
Data from existing monitoring programmes such as ICP Forests, ICP Integrated Monitoring and EMEP, as well as from large-scale international projects such as CarboEurope IP and NitroEurope, can be used to answer questions about the impacts of air pollution and climate change on forest ecosystems and the feedbacks of forest to climate. However, for full use to be made of the available data, a number of questions need to be answered related to the availability, accessibility, quality and comparability of the data. For example, how can these databases be accessed, e.g., freely, over the internet, on request, by authorisation? How should intellectual property rights be protected, while improving access to data? What possibilities exist for harmonisation? Which quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) procedures have been used and for how long? These and other relevant questions are discussed.
Authors
Stig A. BorgvangAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Matthias Buhmann Peter, G. Kroth Christian Guido Bruckner David SchleheckAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Abstract
Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is an important softwood species in Northern Europe and is frequently used as material for various wood protection systems. In Europe, EN 113 is the standard basidiomycete laboratory durability test method, using mass loss as evaluation criteria. In this paper quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was used to characterize colonization by basidiomycetes in Scots pine sapwood, but also to learn more about the EN 113 test. Two different wood sample sizes were tested. For Gloeophyllum trabeum the largest sample size gave the highest mass loss, while for the smallest samples Trametes versicolor gave the highest mass loss. As expected, fungal DNA content and mass loss in Scots pine sapwood samples decayed by G. trabeum became higher with increasing incubation time of 16 weeks. More unexpectedly, the T. versicolor DNA content in Scots pine sapwood samples was highest at the start of the incubation period and declined during the incubation period, while mass loss increased during the 28 week incubation period. The fungal colonization in the side and middle of EN 113 samples was tested. Highest DNA contents of G. trabeum were measured in the sides during 16 weeks of incubation. The T. versicolor DNA content was higher or similar in the side compared to the middle of the samples until week 20. For weeks 20 and 22 the DNA content was higher in the middle than in the sides, while for the remaining incubation period (weeks 24, 26 and 28) it was quite similar. TGA was shown to be a useful and fast method for chemical characterization of brown rot decayed wood, but cannot be used for white rot decayed wood. For T. versicolor moisture and fungal DNA explained most of the variation in mass loss, while for G. trabeum moisture explained most of the variation in mass loss.
Abstract
No abstract has been registered