Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2011
Authors
Igor Eulaers Adrian Covaci Dorte Herzke Marcel Eens Christian Sonne Truls Moum Lisbeth Schnug Sveinn Are Hanssen Trond Vidar Johnsen Jan Ove Bustnes Veerle JaspersAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Abstract
The protected brown bears (Ursus arctos) of Northern Europe are often involved in conflicts with humans, livestock depredation as well as subjected to illegal hunting. STR markers are the preferred forensic tools applied in wildlife crime cases and may be used for traceability and as tools for population management. Thus, a validated STR profiling system according to forensic standards is suggested. We have estimated allele frequencies and analysed repeat structure of 13 STR loci (G1D, G10B, Mu05, Mu09, Mu15, Mu26, G1A, G10L, Mu10, Mu23, Mu50, Mu51, Mu59) in 479 individuals of eight Northern European brown bear populations. STR analysis of hair- and faecal-samples (> 5000) collected in the field as well as tissue samples from shot bears (93) were used to genotype the individuals. The success rate for samples collected in the field was approximately 70%. Species specificity testing showed no false positive bear genotypes. These results show that hairs and faecal samples represent an excellent source for bear DNA that may be utilized to sample allele frequency estimates from living populations. For the eight different populations (four from Norway, one from Sweden and one from Finland and two from Northwest Russia) we have determined the observed and expected heterozygosities, departures from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, population substructures and probabilities of identity. Our results suggest that samples can be assigned to a particular individual if using a combination of ten or more of the validated markers in this brown bear DNA profiling system.
Authors
Valerie Lengard Almli Arnstein Øvrum Margrethe Hersleth Trygve Almøy Tormod NæsAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Abstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Eric N. Hansen Erlend Nybakk Lyndall Bull Pablo Crespell Arnaldo Jélvez Chris KnowlesAbstract
Softwood sawmilling is important to the economy of many nations and huge volumes of softwood lumber are produced annually. Accordingly, the economic success of softwood sawmills, as they compete with substitutes such as steel and concrete, is of interest to various industry stakeholders, especially managers, and researchers. Given the strong connection between innovativeness and firm performance in the literature, this study investigates innovativeness in sawmills in Australia, Canada, Chile, Norway, and the USA. Mail surveys were used in each of the countries to collect data regarding product, process, and business systems innovativeness and firm performance. Findings suggest that sawmills focus equally on product and process innovativeness, firm size positively impacts innovativeness, and that overall, process innovativeness is what drives firm performance in this sector. Findings suggest that managers should focus on being innovative since this positively impacts firm performance.
Authors
John Marshall Bryden Amaia Arandia Liam Dunne Karlheinz KnickelAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Arild AndersenAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Arild AndersenAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Helmer BelboAbstract
The theoretical potential for increased efficiency in early thinning by using accumulating harvester heads was investigated through simulation. Thinning was performed in corridors perpendicular to the strip road in 75 artificially generated stands with varying average tree size and density. The work pattern and work time in the crane work for five sizes of heads, with grapple diameters in the range of 10 to 50 cm, was estimated by the simulation model. The efficiency increased rapidly when the grapple diameter increased from two to four times the average diameter in the harvested stand, reducing the work time per tree by 15 to 50 percent compared to the single tree handling harvester head. Further increases in grapple dimension also increased the efficiency, but not at the same rate. In real work, the efficiency increase by an accumulating harvester head will probably be slightly lower due to less optimal harvesting conditions, operator skills and other non-productive work tasks that are not affected by work method.
Abstract
No abstract has been registered