Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2014
Authors
Ingerd Skow Hofgaard Heidi Udnes Aamot Anne-Grete Roer Hjelkrem Mauritz Åssveen Einar Strand Guro BrodalAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Poster – Fusarium spp. in Norwegian potatoes
Pia Heltoft Thomsen, May Bente Brurberg, Arne Hermansen
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Authors
Marit HaukenAbstract
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Authors
Manuel K. Schneider Gisela Lüscher Philippe Jeanneret Michaela Arndorfer Youssef Ammari Debra Bailey Katalin Balázs András Báldi Jean-Philippe Choisis Peter Dennis Sebastian Eiter Wendy Fjellstad Mariecia D. Fraser Thomas Frank Jürgen Kurt Friedel Salah Garchi Ilse R. Geijzendorffer Tiziano Gomiero Guillermo Gonzalez-Bornay Andy Hector Gergely Jerkovich Rob H. G. Jongman Esezah Kakudidi Max Kainz Anikó Kovács-Hostyánszki Gerardo Moreno Charles Nkwiine Julius Opio Marie-Louise Oschatz Maurizio Guido Paoletti Philippe Pointereau Fernando J. Pulido Jean-Pierre Sarthou Norman Siebrecht Daniele Sommaggio Lindsay A. Turnbull Sebastian Wolfrum Felix HerzogAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Kari Marie Njåstad Steffen Adler Jens Hansen-Møller Erling Thuen Anne-Maj Gustavsson Håvard SteinshamnAbstract
Dietary phytoestrogens are metabolized or converted in the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants, only limited knowledge exists on the extent and location of this conversion in vivo. The objective of this study was to quantify the gastro-intestinal metabolism of phytoestrogens in lactating dairy cows fed silages with different botanical composition. Four lactating rumen cannulated Norwegian Red cattle were assigned to a 4 × 4 Latin square with 1 cow per treatment period of 3 wk. The 4 treatment silages were prepared from grasslands with different botanical compositions: organically managed short-term timothy (Phleum pratense L.) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) ley (2 yr old: ORG-SG); organically managed long-term grassland with a high proportion of unsown species (6 yr old; ORG-LG); conventionally managed perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) ley (CON-PR); and conventionally managed timothy ley (CON-TI). The herbages were cut, wilted, and preserved with additive in round bales, fed as a mix of the first and third cut at 90% of ad libitum intake, and contributed to 70% of the total dry matter intake. Milk, feed, omasal digesta, urine, and feces were collected at the end of each period and analyzed for the concentrations of phytoestrogens by using a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry technique. Concentration of total isoflavones was highest in ORG-SG and lowest in CON-TI silage, whereas the content of total lignans was highest in the grass silages. The isoflavones were extensively metabolized in the rumen on all diets, and the recovery of formononetin and daidzein in omasum, mainly as equol, averaged 0.11 mg/mg. The apparent intestinal metabolism was less severe as, on average, 0.29 mg/mg of the omasal flow was recovered in feces. The plant lignans were also strongly degraded in the rumen. However, the flow of lignans to omasum and excretion in feces were, on average, 7.2- and 5.2-fold higher, respectively, than the intake of the plant lignans matairesinol and secoisolariciresinol, known as precursors of mammalian lignans. Thus, excretion to milk could not be directly related to intake, implying that plant lignans other than matairesinol and secoisolariciresinol in forage are precursors for enterolactone production in the rumen and for its content in milk. Equol followed mainly the flow of large particles out of the rumen, whereas the mammalian lignans were distributed between phases proportional to dry matter flow. The main metabolism of phytoestrogens occurred in the rumen and the main route of excretion was through feces and urine, with only a small part being excreted in milk. The concentration of phytoestrogens in milk can be manipulated through intake but the intermediate transfer capacity to milk appears to be limited by saturation
Authors
James David Mervyn Speed Gunnar Austrheim Alison J. Hester Erling Meisingset Atle Mysterud Jean-Pierre Tremblay Dag-Inge Øien Erling Johan SolbergAbstract
Understanding the responses of ecological communities to perturbation is a key challenge within contemporary ecology research. In this study we seek to separate specifi c community responses from general community responses of plant communities to exclusion of large cervid herbivores. Cervid herbivory and forestry are the main drivers of vegetation structure and diversity in boreal forests. While many studies focus on the impact of cervids on trees, a high proportion of the biodiversity and ecosystem services in boreal forests is found in the fi eld layer. However, experimental approaches investigating the infl uence of herbivory on understory vegetation are highly localised. In this study we use a regionalscale design with 51 sites in four boreal forest regions of Norway, to investigate the infl uence of cervid herbivory on the physical and ecological structure of fi eld layer vegetation. Our study sites cover a range of forest types diff ering in productivity, management and dominant cervid species, allowing us to identify generic responses and those that are specifi c to particular conditions. We found that the height of the fi eld layer and the abundances of individual species were most susceptible to change following short-term cervid exclusion across diff erent forest types and cervid species. Total vegetation density and vascular plant diversity did not respond to cervid exclusion on the same time scale. We also found that the fi eld-layer vegetation in clear-cut forests used by moose was more susceptible to change following cervid exclusion than mature forests used by red deer, but no strong evidence that the response of vegetation to herbivore exclusion varied with productivity. Our study suggests that the parameters that respond to cervid exclusion are consistent across forest types, but that the responsiveness of diff erent forest types is idiosyncratic and hard to predict.
Authors
Yan-liang Wang Sissel Haugslien Marit Almvik Nicholas Clarke Anne Falk Øgaard Jihong Liu ClarkeAbstract
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