Heidi Udnes Aamot
Research Scientist
Biography
I am a plant pathologist, with focus on Fusarium and mycotoxins in cereals (diagnostics, biology, disease control). I am also involved in research within seed pathology and seed borne diseases.
Education: Master’s degree in Plant Sciences at the Norwegian University of Life Sciences (2007). PhD in Plant Pathology at NIBIO and the Norwegian University of Life Sciences (2013).
Abstract
Bønnebladflekk, forårsaket av soppen Ascochyta fabae (kjønna stadium Didymella fabae), er en av de viktigste sjukdommene i åkerbønne (Vicia faba). Sjukdommen er utbredt i alle områder hvor det dyrkes åkerbønne. Soppen overlever og spres først og fremst med infiserte såfrø, men kan også overleve i planterester og i spillfrø. Angrep kan starte på frøplanter kort tid etter oppspiring. Alle overjordiske plantedeler kan angripes, og infeksjonen viser seg som mørke, nekrotiske bladflekker som kan vokse og etter hvert få et lysere parti i midten. Her dannes det pyknider, som fremstår som små svarte prikker. De inneholder ukjønna sporer (konidiesporer). Sporer (smitte) spres i plantebestanden hovedsakelig via regnsprut. Det er kjent at soppen kan ha et kjønna stadium som kan utvikle ascosporer som kan spres med vind over lengre avstander, men det er ukjent hvorvidt dette har betydning for overlevelse og spredning av soppen under norske forhold. Sterke angrep kan forårsake at stenglene brekker og gi problemer med legde, eller at infiserte belger hindrer utvikling av frø. I alvorlige tilfeller kan infiserte planter dø. Dyptsittende infeksjon i belgene kan gi små, skrumpne/deformerte og misfarga frø. I fuktige sesonger kan sjukdommen forårsake store avlingstap.
Authors
Heidi Udnes Aamot Shiori Koga Katherine Ann Gredvig Nielsen Ulrike Böcker Guro Brodal Ruth Dill-Macky Anne Kjersti Uhlen Ingerd Skow HofgaardAbstract
The breadmaking quality of wheat depends on the viscoelastic properties of the dough, largely determined by gluten quality. The latter is influenced by wheat genetics and environmental factors. To identify whether fungal infection can compromise gluten quality, greenhouse-grown spring wheat was inoculated with Fusarium graminearum or Fusarium avenaceum at flowering. Grain harvested at maturity was analysed for fungal infection (concentration of fungal DNA), thousand-grain weight (TGW), size distribution of glutenin polymers (proportion of un-extractable polymeric proteins, %UPP), gluten-degrading protease activity, and viscoelastic properties of gluten (maximum resistance towards stretching [RMAX] and extensibility). Fusarium graminearum caused severe infections, and strong negative correlations were observed between F. graminearum-DNA and TGW, %UPP and RMAX. Significant reductions in %UPP and RMAX were observed even when only 10% of the flour-blend originated from infected grain. The degradation of gluten proteins was attributed to both enzymatic activity and disrupted grain maturation. In contrast, F. avenaceum infections were less severe, with only slight reductions in TGW, %UPP, and RMAX, though signs of gluten-degrading enzyme activities were observed in the most infected samples. In summary, F. graminearum significantly compromised gluten quality through protein degradation and reduction in the proportion of large glutenin polymers. While F. avenaceum had a lesser impact on gluten quality, the risk of compromised grain entering the food chain may be greater than with F. graminearum, as neither F. avenaceum nor its associated mycotoxins are regulated. These findings highlight the importance of further research on how fungal infection influences the breadmaking quality of wheat.
Authors
Heidi Udnes AamotAbstract
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Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health
FABANOVA- Climate ready faba beans for the Nordic and Baltic region
The project will lead to improved faba bean lines and knowledge that can lead to higher and more stable protein yields in our challenging environment. NIBIO will develop forecasting tools for chocolate spot epidemics, enabling farmers to protect their crops.
Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health
LeFaSus - Uncovering Legume Soil Fatigue for Sustainable Expansion of European Grain Legume Cultivation
LeFaSus seeks to identify the most important causes and indicators of legume fatigue in several European countries.
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Division of Food Production and Society
ProMax - Maximizing the production of Norwegian grain legumes
Cultivation of grain legumes (faba bean and field pea) in Norway has increased in the last decade and is expected to continue to do so due to several benefits. Increasing grain legume production will enhance food self-sufficiency, making it a strategic political goal in Norway.
Division of Food Production and Society
Gene2Bread: Building knowledge and exploiting technology to achieve high wheat self-sufficiency in Norway
The project aims to increase Norway’s self-sufficiency in milling wheat by gaining knowledge to improve wheat quality and increase its utilisation. Adequate protein content and a stable quality between seasons and within a season are prerequisites to increasing the share of Norwegian wheat in the flour blend.