Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2019
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Bruno Buonomo Francesco Giannino Stephanie Saussure Ezio VenturinoAbstract
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Heidi Udnes Aamot Katherine Ann Gredvig Nielsen Shiori Koga Anne Kjersti Uhlen Ulrike Böcker Erik Lysøe Guro Brodal Ruth Dill-Macky Ingerd Skow HofgaardAbstract
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Complex communities of microorganisms influence plant and agroecosystem health and productivity. Bacteria and fungi constitute a major part of the wheat head microbiome. A microorganism’s ability to colonize or infect a wheat seed is influenced by interacting microbiome. In Norway, wheat seed lots are routinely analysed for the infestation by Fusarium head blight and seedling blight diseases, such as Fusarium and Microdochium spp., and glume blotch caused by Parastagonospora nodorum using traditional methods (plating grain on PDA, recording presence or absence of fungal colonies) The purpose is to decide if the seed quality is suitable for sowing and whether seed treatment is needed. This method is time consuming, require knowledge within fungal morphology, and do not facilitate identification to species level in all cases. Molecular methods such as sequencing could allow detection and quantification of “all” microbial DNA, only limited by the specificity of the primers. Microbial profiling (metabarcoding) can be very time and cost-effective, since a mixture of many samples can be analysed simultaneously for both fungi and bacteria, and other microbes if required. In our project “Phytobiome” we used metabarcoding to analyse microbial communities in wheat heads and verify this information with results from qPCR and plate studies for a more complete study. Around 150 spring wheat seed lots from the years 2016-2017 (including two cultivars) were selected for analysis. One of the main objectives was to find microorganisms associated with seed germination. We will present findings from this work, but also some challenges when using PCR-based sequencing methods, especially regarding Fusarium head blight fungi.
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Morten Lillemo Selamawit Tekle Espen Sannes Sørensen Trond Buraas Heidi Udnes Aamot Ingerd Skow Hofgaard Bernd Rodemann Alf Ceplitis Helge Skinnes Åsmund BjørnstadAbstract
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The SafeOats project was initiated in 2016. An important objective of this project is to develop resistance screening methods to facilitate the phase-out of Fusarium-susceptible oat germplasm. Furthermore, SafeOats will give new insight into the biology of F. langsethiae and HT2+T2 accumulation in oats, and thus facilitate the choice of relevant control measures. The relative ranking of oat varieties according to F. graminearum/DON versus F. langsethiae/HT2+T2 content has been explored in field and greenhouse trials. In the greenhouse studies, we have analysed the content of Fusarium DNA and mycotoxins in grains of selected oat varieties inoculated at different development stages. Furthermore, we are currently studying the transcriptome during F. langsethiae and F. graminearum infestation of oats. The project also focus on the occurrence of F. langsethiae in oat seeds and possible influence of the fungus on seedling development in a selection of oat varieties. SafeOats is coordinated by NIBIO and is a collaboration between NIBIO, NMBU, Kimen Seed Laboratory, and the main Norwegian and Swedish breeding companies, Graminor and Lantmännen. Harper Adam University (UK) and Julius Kühn-Institute (Germany) are international collaborators. The project is financed by The Foundation for Research Levy on Agricultural Products/Agricultural Agreement Research Fund/Research Council of Norway with support from the industry partners Graminor, Lantmännen, Felleskjøpet Agri, Felleskjøpet Rogaland & Agder, Fiskå Mølle Moss, Norgesmøllene, Strand Unikorn/Norgesfôr and Kimen Seed Laboratory. The results from SafeOats will benefit consumers nationally and internationally by providing tools to increase the share of high quality grain into the food and feed industry.