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Publications

NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.

2017

Abstract

Sentinel plantings are a powerful tool to identify harmful organisms before they arrive in a country, but the use of this novel tool is limited by reduced awareness. Another limitation for the establishment of sentinel nurseries are plant health regulations that affect the import of planting material of alien species for use in sentinel plantings. However, import of propagation material is often considered low risk compared to rooted plants and more relaxed regulations may apply. Import regulations may vary among countries and special conditions for import for scientific purposes may apply. We aimed to make an overview of regulations for import and planting of propagation material for use in sentinel plantings in countries around the world. During 2016 a questionnaire survey was conducted in more than 40 countries around the world to identify national legislation on the import of seeds of exotic tree species and their use for scientific purposes in open-field situations. This study will provide an overview on regulations that need to be observed while sentinel nurseries are settled both using seeds for planting and trees grown from these seeds. The results will be a useful tool to facilitate the selection of locations for future sentinel nurseries.

Abstract

Large-scale bark beetle outbreaks in northern conifer forests have already demonstrated huge impacts on forest economy, ecosystems and carbon dynamics. In North America, a historically unprecedented outbreak of the mountain pine beetle has expanded north- and eastwards beyond its historical range, and has reached epidemic levels in areas of northern British Columbia previously thought to be unsuitable for beetle survival. In Europe, the vast northern spruce forests have been spared from bark beetle outbreaks in the past, but here we review some recent observations and research results indicating that this may be undergoing change. For example, monitoring data of the most serious tree-killing bark beetle in Europe, Ips typographus, show a several-fold increase of the populations in its northern range during warm years. In the extensive spruce forests of northern Fennoscandia and Russia, a new phenomenon of tree-killing episodes by I. typographus has occurred in the last decade. Northern localities with one beetle generation per year in the past are now having more often two. Also other bark beetle species in the genus Ips have demonstrated a fast northward expansion in Europe, including one species contributing in bark beetle outbreaks of I. typographus in Central and Southern Europe.