Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2001
Abstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Malin Elfstrand Carl Gunnar Fossdal Gunilla Swedjemark David Clapham Olof Olsson Folke Sitbon Praveen Sharma Anders Lönneborg Sara von ArnoldAbstract
In this study we have investigated whether the defensin-like gene spi 1, isolated from Norway spruce, contributes to quantitative disease resistance and is a suitable candidate for utilisation in Norway spruce breeding programmes. The following questions have been raised: (1) Can the putative defense gene, spi 1, improve the defense towards microbial pathogens in a model plant species, tobacco? (2) Is it possible to produce transgenic plants of Norway spruce that overexpress spi 1 and are less susceptible to the pathogenic fungus Heterobasidion annosum? Compared to control plants, tobacco plants expressing spi 1 under an enhanced CaMV 35S promoter permitted less growth of the bacterial pathogen Erwinia carotovora. Embryogenic cultures of Norway spruce were transformed with a similar construct. The general phenotype of regenerated transgenic plants was normal, although it was difficult to maintain certain sublines in culture owing to poor initial growth. Among the transformed plants those with the highest content of SPI 1 displayed reduced fungal growth in the sapwood after inoculation with H. annosum. In conclusion, the spi 1 gene increases resistance in both homologous and heterologous systems.
Authors
Birger VenneslandAbstract
The connection between rural economic development policy and forest policy in Norway during the past decades is discussed. Because of this connection it is debatable whether it is reasonable to maintain a strong focus on timber supply in Norwegian forest policy in the future. By analyzing studies related to forestry in the context of rural development, the lack of combined rural development research and forestry research is shown. It is argued that rural policy/research and forest policy/research should be combined in the future regarding topics related to forestry in the field of rural development.
Authors
Isabella BørjaAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Morten NittebergAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Abstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Harald Kvaalen Erik Christiansen Øystein Johnsen Halvor SolheimAbstract
Genetic associations between initiation of embryogenic tissue (ET) and susceptibility to the phytopathogenic fungi Ceratocystis polonica (Siem.) C. Moreau and Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. in Norway spruce have been studied by initiating ET from zygotic embryos of mature seeds collected from 19 clones tested for susceptibility to the pathogens in a clonal field trial.Initiation frequencies varied significantly among clones (families), ranging from 12 to 56%. The family variance component accounted for more than 40% of the total variance in initiation frequency of ET. The estimates of broad-sense heritability of fungus susceptibility of the clones ranged from 0.12 for length of phloem necrosis after low-density inoculation with H. annosum to 0.55 for blue-stained sapwood after mass inoculation with C. polonica.None of the susceptibility measures showed any phenotypic correlation with initiation of embryogenic tissue. Genetic correlations and their standard errors were estimated by bootstrapping. Two measures of fungal susceptibility correlated genetically with initiation of ET; estimated at 0.58 for lesion length after inoculation with C. polonica and 0.29 for H. annosum lesion length. A better measure of susceptibility, blue-stained sapwood following inoculation with C. polonica, was not correlated with initiation of ET.
Authors
Rune Halvorsen Økland Tonje Økland Knut RydgrenAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Abstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Wenche E. Dramstad Gary L.A. Fry Wendy Fjellstad Birgitte Skar Wenche Helliksen May Liss Bøe Sollund Mari Sofie Tveit Anne Katrine Geelmuyden Erik FramstadAbstract
An accumulating body of research identifies the importance of landscape structure for a wide range of countryside interests. Landscape structure reflects the results of policies and practices, and is well-suited as a target for management actions. New landscape metrics represent a potential for indicator-based management, provided such metrics relate consistently to the landscape values of interest. In this paper we propose that aspects of landscape structure, specifically heterogeneity, may be related to landscape-based values such as biodiversity, cultural heritage and human appreciation. Birds and vascular plants correlated well with our index for the heterogeneity of land types, whereas insects did not. Occurrence of prehistoric graves was also associated with land type heterogeneity, though other types of cultural remains were not. Landscape experience seems to be associated with the heterogeneity of landscape space rather than heterogeneity of land types. Different aspects of heterogeneity, scale, and variation over time all contribute to explain how our measures of landscape-based values vary in their relationship to landscape heterogeneity. Successful integration between disciplines in landscape studies depends on having a common operational framework, a shared theoretical basis, and a harmonised approach to data collection.