Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2001
Authors
John Beck Jensen Jørgen A. Mølmann Jorunn Elisabeth Olsen Lars Sandved Dalen Olavi Junttila Øystein Johnsen Anders Lönneborg Carl Gunnar FossdalAbstract
To find interesting gene products and to study gene expression in the greenparts of Norway spruce we have sequenced 1101 cDNA clones based on mRNA isolated from needles. Here we present some preliminary findings describing the frequency of different Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs), the ratio of similarity to known and unknown sequences present in GenBank and sequences not previously reported from Norway spruce. In addition we have tried to place the ESTs into major categories based on putative function
Abstract
Epiphytic lichen vegetation on birch stems was studied in the border areas between Norway and Russia. The area is heavily influenced by sulphur dioxide pollution emitted from Russian nickel smelters.Hypogymnia physodes and Melanelia olivacea were the two most abundant lichen species on birch stems in the investigated area. However, the coverage of H. physodes and M. olivacea was clearly reduced in parts of the investigated area. The lichen vegetation increased with increasing distance from the pollution source, i.e. from a lichen desert to normal background levels. A different pattern of occurrence of the two lichen species was observed.
Authors
Gunnar Ogner Guro Randem Torild WickstrømAbstract
Analyses of forest soils are widely used to monitor the effects of human activity on our environment. The overall quality of analytical data must, therefore, be sufficient to answer questions with regard to environmental changes taking place throughout several decades.Three horizons of an air-dried forest soil, was stored at 22 3 C, 3 C and 21 C for up to 1842 d to monitor its stability during storage. At room temperature, soil acidity increased and soil pH in water decreased by 0.1 to 0.3 pH units depending upon the soil horizon.The amount of C, P, and S extracted by 1M ammonium nitrate increased by 94%, 62% and 68%, respectively, after 1842 d. A corresponding increase in exchangeable cations [aluminium(Al), barium(Ba), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), strontium (Sr), and zinc (Zn)] ranged from 11 to 23%. Storage at 3 C resulted in a decrease in pH only for mineral soil (10-15 cm layer). At 21 C, no changes in any of the soil-extractable components were found.
Abstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Malin Elfstrand Carl Gunnar Fossdal Gunilla Swedjemark David Clapham Olof Olsson Folke Sitbon Praveen Sharma Anders Lönneborg Sara von ArnoldAbstract
In this study we have investigated whether the defensin-like gene spi 1, isolated from Norway spruce, contributes to quantitative disease resistance and is a suitable candidate for utilisation in Norway spruce breeding programmes. The following questions have been raised: (1) Can the putative defense gene, spi 1, improve the defense towards microbial pathogens in a model plant species, tobacco? (2) Is it possible to produce transgenic plants of Norway spruce that overexpress spi 1 and are less susceptible to the pathogenic fungus Heterobasidion annosum? Compared to control plants, tobacco plants expressing spi 1 under an enhanced CaMV 35S promoter permitted less growth of the bacterial pathogen Erwinia carotovora. Embryogenic cultures of Norway spruce were transformed with a similar construct. The general phenotype of regenerated transgenic plants was normal, although it was difficult to maintain certain sublines in culture owing to poor initial growth. Among the transformed plants those with the highest content of SPI 1 displayed reduced fungal growth in the sapwood after inoculation with H. annosum. In conclusion, the spi 1 gene increases resistance in both homologous and heterologous systems.
Authors
Birger VenneslandAbstract
The connection between rural economic development policy and forest policy in Norway during the past decades is discussed. Because of this connection it is debatable whether it is reasonable to maintain a strong focus on timber supply in Norwegian forest policy in the future. By analyzing studies related to forestry in the context of rural development, the lack of combined rural development research and forestry research is shown. It is argued that rural policy/research and forest policy/research should be combined in the future regarding topics related to forestry in the field of rural development.
Authors
Isabella BørjaAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Morten NittebergAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Abstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Harald Kvaalen Erik Christiansen Øystein Johnsen Halvor SolheimAbstract
Genetic associations between initiation of embryogenic tissue (ET) and susceptibility to the phytopathogenic fungi Ceratocystis polonica (Siem.) C. Moreau and Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. in Norway spruce have been studied by initiating ET from zygotic embryos of mature seeds collected from 19 clones tested for susceptibility to the pathogens in a clonal field trial.Initiation frequencies varied significantly among clones (families), ranging from 12 to 56%. The family variance component accounted for more than 40% of the total variance in initiation frequency of ET. The estimates of broad-sense heritability of fungus susceptibility of the clones ranged from 0.12 for length of phloem necrosis after low-density inoculation with H. annosum to 0.55 for blue-stained sapwood after mass inoculation with C. polonica.None of the susceptibility measures showed any phenotypic correlation with initiation of embryogenic tissue. Genetic correlations and their standard errors were estimated by bootstrapping. Two measures of fungal susceptibility correlated genetically with initiation of ET; estimated at 0.58 for lesion length after inoculation with C. polonica and 0.29 for H. annosum lesion length. A better measure of susceptibility, blue-stained sapwood following inoculation with C. polonica, was not correlated with initiation of ET.