Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2002
Abstract
Several strong westerly storms hit Western Norway during the winter of 1986-87. We studied the uptake, loss and visible effects of sea salt aerosols in Scots pine and Norway spruce. Foliage of was sampled at distances 0-100 km from the coastline between 59¢ª and 65¢ª N, and analysed for chloride, sodium and other elements. The range of chloride and sodium concentrations in needles was 0.5-5.0, and 0.1-3.0 mg g-1, respectively. The local variation was very large close to the coast. The relation to distance from the sea was improved by using distance from the nearest fjord rather than from the outer coastline. Other elements were less variable and not related to distance from the sea, or to sea salt concentrations. Only 1-10% of the needles sea salt content could be removed by 2 minutes washing in distilled water, and still much less of other elements. The amount of sea salt removed by washing was less related to distance from the sea than was the total content. Visible damage to the foliage occurred at chloride concentrations above 1 mg g-1 in the needles. Our conclusions are that analysis of the needles chloride or sodium content is a robust method for confirming damage to tree foliage by sea salt aerosols. Fjords as well as the ocean are significant sources of sea salt aerosols. Large local variation in salt deposition and damage will occur at a rugged coast. Nutrients and other elements are not significantly affected by the sea salt deposition. The use of chloride or sodium as a tracer for dry deposition should take into account not only the enrichment of these elements in canopy throughfall, but also the accumulation in the needles.
Authors
Hans Haavardsholm Blom M. LüthAbstract
Schistidium spinosum Blom Lth is described. It grows on siliceous rocks in hill and mountain areas in the western parts of continental Europe. It is placed in the confertum group, whereas the very similar S. liliputanum (C. Mll.) Deguchi has its closest relatives among species of the apocarpum group. Schistidium liliputanum is reported as new to North America where it is widespread in the eastern part of the continent.
Authors
Bjørn ØklandAbstract
Several studies conclude that sun-exposed habitats with sufficient supply of dead wood are essential for many saproxylic and mycetophagous beetle species in forests. This has induced Scandinavian foresters to leave artificial tall stumps on clear-cuts in spruce forests.In the present study of Norway spruce forest, habitat preferences during flight were studied for saproxylic and mycetophagous beetles recorded as sporocarp-visitors of Fomitopsis pinicola and Fomes fomentarius, using 690 randomly placed window traps in 69 sites covering three forest types: clear-cuts, young and oldgrowth stands.Many of the sporocarp-visitors showed a strong preference for oldgrowth forest, avoiding clear-cuts and young replantations. By stepwise linear multiple regression, presence of canopy cover appeared as a major factor while variables associated with sporocarps and dead wood were most often secondary in importance. The results indicate that sufficient canopy cover is important for many sporocarp-visiting beetles in Norway spruce forests
Authors
Galina N. Koptsik S. Teveldal Sergey V. Koptsik Lars StrandAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Harald Kvaalen Ola Gram DæhlenAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Inger Sundheim Fløistad G.G. PatilAbstract
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth.The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron.Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF.The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions.
Abstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Erlend Ystrøm Haartveit Per Otto FlæteAbstract
Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) and Modulus of Rupture (MOR) were measured on lumber from trees originating from four stands in each of the countries Norway and Sweden. Half of the stands were monocultures of Norway spruce while the remainder were mixed stands of Norway spruce and birch species.No significant differences in MOE and MOR were found between Norway spruce lumber grown in monocultures and lumber originating from mixed stands. Furthermore, there were no significant differences between the two groups concerning wood density, mean annual ring width and diameter of the largest knot in each log.These three variables also yielded similar models for lumber originating from monocultures and mixed stands, respectively, when used as independent variables in simple regression models for MOE and MOR.PLS1 regression models, with a X-matrix of variables measurable with simple equipment on trees and logs, were used to sort logs according to predicted values of MOE and MOR. The models show promising results with respect to pre-sorting of logs in order to create a better fit between the quality of logs and the expected properties of the final products.When sorting logs, a high percentage is correctly classified, and the cumulative distributions of the two groups resulting from sorting are clearly different. Hence, PLS1 regression models using simple measurements on trees and logs seems potentially useful for predictions of MOE and MOR without the use of advanced technical equipment.
Abstract
A quantitative multiplex real-time PCR procedure was developed to monitor the dynamics in Norway spruce (Heterobasidion annosum) pathosystem. The assay reliably detected down to 1 pg of H. annosum DNA and 1 ng of host DNA in multiplex conditions. As a comparative method for quantifying fungal colonization,we applied the ergosterol assay. There was a very high correlation between the results obtained with the two methods, this strengthening the credibility of both assays. The advantages and disadvantages of these assays are discussed.
Authors
Halvor Torgersen Torstein LislandAbstract
No abstract has been registered