Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2025
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Authors
Linn Vassvik Anders Nielsen Michael P.D. Garratt Bjørn Arild Hatteland Joseph Chipperfield Erik Trond AschehougAbstract
Low pollinator richness and abundance is a primary driver of pollination deficits and may lead to reduced yields (production deficits). In response, domesticated honeybees are often used to increase pollination success, even though honeybees are less efficient pollinators than naturally occurring wild bees. Here, we explored whether Norwegian apple orchards experience pollination and production deficits, and if such deficits could be related to specific pollinator groups and activity. We conducted a supplemental pollination experiment and measured seed set and yield (fruit set x weight) for three cultivars, in six orchards, in two distinct apple growing regions in central Norway, for two years. In addition, we used cameras to record relative pollinator activity throughout the flowering period. Overall, we found a pollination and production deficit across all cultivars, although there were differences in pollination deficit among cultivars. Three orchards had a pollination deficit both years of the study, suggesting sub-optimal orchard structure and/or a lack of pollinators. However, we found that solitary bees significantly reduced both pollination and production deficit, suggesting that orchard management actions should focus on increasing wild bee diversity and abundance.
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Sweet cherries are grown in areas with suitable local climatic conditions up to 60°N in Norway. All orchards have high density planting systems and are rain covered. The most common system now is multibay high tunnels systems where the trees are under plastic cover from the bloom to the end of the harvest. All orchards are fertigated and the production is aimed to supply the fresh fruit domestic market with high quality fruit from early July and to the end of August. At NIBIO Ullensvang, western Norway a large number of sweet cherry cultivars and advanced selections from worldwide breeding programmes have been evaluated continuously since 1959 and several cultivars have been recommended from this programme for commercial production during the last decades. During the last six years approximately fifty cultivars and advanced selections grafted on the rootstock Gisela 6 have been tested. Important objectives were to obtain large and precocious yields, with important quality parameters like fruit size, fruit firmness, soluble solids, fresh appearance, good flavour and resistance against irrigation induced cracking. Based on the results from the recent testing program, the following cultivars are currently recommended for the fresh fruit market: a) for early season: ‘Adelka’, ‘Pacific Red’, ‘Sweet Aryana’ and ‘Bellise’, b) for mid-season: ‘Brooks’, ‘Giant Red’, ‘Grace Star’ and ‘Folfer’ c) for late season: ‘Van’, ,’SPC 342’, ‘LaLa Star’, Royal Edie’, ‘Tamara’ ‘Lapins’, ‘Royal Helen’, ‘Regina’ and ‘Sweetheart’.
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Mekjell Meland Oddmund Frøynes Darius Kviklys Uros Gasic Uroš Gašić Tomislav Tosti Milica Fotiric AksicAbstract
This NIBIO Book presents data of pomological, agronomical, and chemical traits of total 64 heritage and along with some commercial plum cultivars identifying the most important quality parameters, and selecting cultivars with desirable traits giving valuable information for future breeding programs, the fruit industry, processing industry and public awareness.
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The successful introduction of new cultivars depends on the evaluation of complex parameters essential for the consumers, market, and fruit producers. A new scab-resistant apple cultivar, ‘Wuranda’ (SQ159/Natyra®/Magic Star® × Honeycrisp), recently introduced in Norway and managed under the name Fryd©, is prone to biennial bearing. Therefore, one of the first tasks, investigated in Southwestern Norway by the Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, NIBIO-Ullensvang in 2021–2024, was the establishment of optimal crop load level based on the combination of productivity, fruit quality, and return bloom. The apple cultivar Fryd (‘Wuranda’) was propagated on ‘M.9’ rootstock and planted in 2019. The trial was performed in the same orchard for four consecutive years, starting three years after planting. Crop load level affected average fruit mass but had no impact on cv. Fryd fruit quality parameters at harvest such as blush, ground color, firmness, soluble solid content, or starch degradation. Fruit size variation was diminished by crop load regulation, and most fruits fell into 2–3 grading classes. Crop load, not the yield per tree, was the determining factor for the return bloom. The optimal crop load level depended on the orchard age. To guarantee a regular bearing mode of cv. Fryd planted on M.9 rootstock at a 3.5 × 1 m distance and trained as slender spindle, crop load of 5.5–6 fruits cm−2 TCSA (trunk cross-sectional area) in the 3rd year, 7.5–8 fruits cm−2 TCSA in the 4th year, and 6.5–7 fruits cm−2 TCSA in the 5th year should be maintained.
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