Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2014
Authors
Linn Solli Othilde Else Håvelsrud Svein Jarle Horn Anne Gunn Larsen RikeAbstract
This study showed that four parallel reactors co-digesting manure and fish waste silage operated stably during a startup phase. Several important Archaea and Bacteria degrading the protein-rich substrate were identified. In particular, microorganisms involved in syntrophic methane production seemed to be important. The detailed characterization of the microbial communities presented in this work may be useful for the operation of biogas plants degrading substrates with high concentrations of proteins.
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No abstract has been registered
Authors
Halvor B. Gjærum Kåre LyeAbstract
Puccinia rhodosensis sp. nov. is described on Tragopogon crocifolius from Rhodes, Greece. It differs from all other rust species on Tragopogon in having teliospores with completely smooth walls. SEM photos are provided for telia and teliospores.
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Variable retention harvesting is acknowledged as a cost-effective conservation measure, but previous studies have focused on the environmental value and planning cost. In this study, a model is presented for optimizing harvesting cost using a high resolution map generated from airborne laser scanning data. The harvesting cost optimization model is used to calculate the objective value of different scenarios. By comparing the objective values, better estimates of the opportunity cost of woodland key habitats are found. The model can be used by a forest manager when evaluating what silvicultural treatments to implement or as an input for improving the nature reserve selection problem for woodland key habitats or retention patches. The model was tested on four real-world cases, and the results indicate that terrain transportation costs vary more than reported in the literature and that it may be worthwhile to divide the opportunity cost into its direct and indirect components.
Abstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Karoline Høyvik Marit S. Asklien Ketil Haarstad Elin Lovise GjengedalAbstract
Municipal solid waste landfills are expected to be potentially important sources of gaseous mercury (Hg)(Lindberg et al. 2005). Such emissions can be difficult to locate and measure, since landfills can have diffuse, non-point emissions and the gas can also escape horizontally over large distances in unsaturated layers. The primary objective in this work was to investigate the possibility of depletion of gaseous mercury by means of moss transplants. The investigation was carried out at Solgård waste disposal site, an active landfill since its start-up in 1978, located in Moss, Norway. Today the landfill is licensed as a landfill for ordinary waste. The area of the landfill is estimated to be about 204 000 m2. Goodman and Roberts (1971) first introduced the “moss bag” technique, which was later modified by Little and Martin (1974). Hylocomium splendens, known for its capability as bio monitor since 1968 (Ruhling & Tyler 1968), was collected from an uncontaminated site, dried at room temperature and loaded in fine meshed nylon nets. Moss bags were made up of a frame of 10 x 10 cm square of thin wood sticks, filled with 1 gram of moss finely distributed and covered up by the nets. The moss bags were placed in two heights, about 40 and 100 cm above ground. A total of 130 moss bags were placed at suitable locations covering the landfill surface, with special attention to such places as gas vents and locations with suspicious odours. For comparison, moss bags were also placed a couple of kilometres north, south, west and east of the landfill. The exposure time was 6 months, lasting from primo October 2013 until the end of March 2014. About 0.2 g samples of air dried moss were subjected to acid digestion in a closed microwave system (260 0C) prior to analysis with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, using an Agilent 8800 QQQ instrument. Results from ongoing work will be presented. References Goodman, G. T. & Roberts, T. M. (1971). Plants and soils as indicators of metals in the air. Nature, 231 (5301): 287-292. Lindberg, S., Southworth, G., Prestbo, E., Wallschläger, D., Bogle, M. & Price, J. (2005). Gaseous methyl-and inorganic mercury in landfill gas from landfills in Florida, Minnesota, Delaware, and California. Atmospheric Environment, 39 (2): 249-258. Little, P. & Martin, M. H. (1974). Biological Monitoring of Heavy metal pollution. Environmental Pollution, 6: 1-19. Ruhling, A., & Tyler, G. (1968). An ecological approach to lead problem. Botaniska Notiser, 121(3), 21.