Gry Alfredsen

Research Professor

(+47) 918 76 568
gry.alfredsen@nibio.no

Place
Ås H8

Visiting address
Høgskoleveien 8, 1433 Ås

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Abstract

Prosjektet «ArcticAlpineDecay» har undersøkt hvordan klimaendringer og økt menneskelig aktivitet påvirker trebasert kulturarv i arktiske og alpine miljøer, med fokus på Svalbard og Finse. Resultatene viser at lengre perioder med varme og fuktighet gir bedre vekstvilkår for råtesopper og øker risikoen for biologisk nedbrytning. Samtidig forsterker økt ferdsel slitasjen på sårbare kulturmiljøer, særlig på Svalbard hvor mange kulturminner er vanskelige å identifisere og tåler lite påvirkning. Fire faktorer øker risikoen for skader i kulturmiljøene: vanskelig lesbarhet, dårlig teknisk tilstand, spennende detaljer og høy tilgjengelighet. Det er funnet omfattende råte nær bakken, og DNA-analyser viser et stort mangfold av vednedbrytende sopper, inkludert arter som ikke tidligere er dokumentert i polarområder. Alvorlig soppnedbrytning oppstår etter rundt 50 år, noe som betyr at taubanebukker med eldre fundamenter nå er kritisk nært restaureringsbehov. For Finse og Hardangervidda er de største utfordringene økt bruk, manglende kunnskap og fysisk slitasje. Det anbefales økt informasjon til turister og guider, enkel fysisk tilrettelegging, bedre overvåking og kombinasjon av metoder for å avdekke både overflate- og indre råteskader, samt videre forskning.

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Abstract

To optimise the use of renewable materials in construction, it is essential to understand the factors influencing decisions throughout their design and service life. Life Cycle Costing (LCC) supports sustainable development by aiming to minimise long-term costs through informed planning of service life, maintenance, and replacement. Central to this is the engineering concept of limit states - Ultimate Limit States (ULS) for structural safety and Serviceability Limit States (SLS) for functionality. However, in non-loadbearing applications such as cladding, maintenance is often driven by aesthetic deterioration rather than structural concerns. These aesthetic limit states are subjective and influenced by user preferences, personality traits, and cultural background. In practice, undesired aesthetic changes are among the main reasons for cladding replacement in Europe, alongside fungal decay and modernisation. Premature replacement due to insufficient communication about weathering effects and maintenance needs remains under-addressed. By accounting for variation in user preferences, material selection can be tailored to support a longer service life. This study presents multi-country variation in climate-related perceptions of wood and user preferences for wooden cladding.

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Abstract

Abstract This study uses a novel combination of DNA metabarcoding, light microscopy, decay rating, moisture dynamics, and chemical analysis to investigate wood decay in cultural heritage cable car pylons in Svalbard. Uniform design but varying ages allowed analysis of time-dependent decay. Light microscopy revealed the use of both Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris . Decay progressed more rapidly near ground contact, influencing density, lignin, and holocellulose content, with lignin increasing over time. DNA metabarcoding and microscopy revealed dominant brown and soft rot fungi, with greater fungal diversity near ground level. Several new fungal species were identified for Svalbard and the polar regions. In the context of climate change, this highlights the global importance of monitoring fungal decay in wooden structures. The study emphasises the need for updated species lists and continuous monitoring, as new fungi may affect conservation strategies. The interdisciplinary method offers deeper insight into microbial interactions than single-method approaches.