Hopp til hovedinnholdet

Publications

NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.

2015

Abstract

This report covers some of the work done on the mechanised harvesting of young oak stands for the production of whole tree chips as a bioenergy feedstock. Two thinning methods, a double row thinning and a combined single row and selection thinning were tested. Results showed overall production costs of roughly 7 € GJ-1 delivered into containers at roadside, with a difference of about 1 € GJ-1 between the two methods. As the production cost equated to the maximum delivered sales price, the mobilization of this feedstock would need to be incentivized.

To document

Abstract

Public participation in landscape planning and management has received increased attention acrossEurope since the European Landscape Convention (ELC) came into force in 2004. The ELC has now beenratified by many countries, which have been working on its implementation for up to several years. In thisarticle, we study experiences from public participation in five different planning processes in Norway,and we assess the methods used according to a set of evaluation criteria developed in a European context:Scope, Representativeness, Timing, Comfort and Convenience, and Influence. Subsequently we identifyten singular methods as being particularly effective in terms of contributing significantly to increasingscores of Scope, Representativeness, and Comfort and convenience, i.e. the criteria most influenced by themethods chosen. All ten methods identified contribute to increase scores on one or two evaluation crite-ria, which underlines the importance of combining different methods to achieve effective participationwithin the restricted framework of a concrete spatial planning process. In an international perspectiveit seems most fruitful to apply a set of both dominantly verbal methods as practiced in Norway andsomewhat more visual approaches used in other countries. This would also acknowledge basic differ-ences among theoretical understandings of landscape and follow a recent scientific development of theconcept of landscape.