Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2016
Authors
Johannes BreidenbachAbstract
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Authors
Håvard Steinshamn Steffen Adler Randi Berland Frøseth Tor Lunnan Torfinn Torp Anne Kjersti BakkenAbstract
A meta-analysis based on experiments in organically cultivated grasslands in Norway was conducted to quantify the effects of management factors on herbage yield and feed quality. A dataset was collected that included 496 treatment means from experiments in five studies carried out at eight locations with the latitude range of 58.8 to 69.6 N between 1993 and 2010. We tested the effect of harvesting system (two vs. Three cuts annually), plant developmental stage at the first cut, growth period (temperature sum) and the herbage clover proportion. Plant maturity at the first cut and herbage clover proportion explained to a large extent herbage yield and quality of the first cut and annual yield. The timing of the first cut influenced also the yield and herbage quality of the second cut. The analysis confirmed the importance of legumes performance for herbage yield and quality from grasslands in organic production. Estimated annual herbage DM yield harvested at standardized plant development stage and at average clover proportion was 9%higher in the two—compared to the three-cut system. The crude protein concentration and in vitro dry matter digestibility was 17 and 3 % higher and the NDF concentration 7 % lower in the annual herbage from the three-cut than from the twocut system, respectively. The empirical equations developed in this study may be applied to explore different options for grassland management as basis for ration and production planning and in scenario analysis of economic performance of individual and model farms. The equations do also reveal in numeric terms the tradeoffs in management practice between high yields, yield digestibility, NDF and crude protein content in organic forage production relying on red clover N2 fixation as the engine in the system.
Authors
Trond MæhlumAbstract
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2015
Authors
Trond MæhlumAbstract
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Authors
Trond Løvdal Ingunn M. Vågen Giovanni Agati Lorenza Tuccio Stanislaw Kaniewski Maria Gregorowska Ryszard Kosson Michel Verheul Agnieszka Bartoszek Ferruh Erdogdu Mustafa Tutar Bart van Droogenbroeck Christine Vos Inge Hanssen Romain Larbat Christophe Robin Dagbjørn SkipnesAbstract
The SUNNIVA project aims to increase the overall sustainability of vegetable processing by providing valorisation strategies to reduce waste and limiting environmental impact, while improving the nutritional properties of vegetable food products. Results obtained during the first project year indicate that; (i) The waste and by-product fractions of cabbage, tomato and black salsify have a great potential to be better utilized in the food processing chain and to serve as valuable sources for health beneficial phytochemicals (HBPC), and (ii) that tomato and grape seed press cakes have an interesting plant nutritional (NPK) profile, which makes them suitable candidates as raw material in soil amendments. Further, raw materials from tomato and cabbage, in terms of cultivars and morphological parts, has been assessed for HBPC and nutritional value as an effect of N-fertilization and processing. Experimental data for deriving numerical thermal models for agitated and static retort are obtained. Mapping of the most important underutilized vegetable biomass streams in partnering countries are under way. The development of non-destructive tools for rapid HBPC measurements in cabbage and tomato is promising, but some more calibration/validation of the method is necessary. One year into the 3-year project, we conclude that progress has been satisfactory.
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Authors
Jahn Davik Daniel J. Sargent May Bente Brurberg Sigbjørn Lien Matthew Peter Kent Muath K AlsheikhAbstract
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Replication of all positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses occurs in specific structures in close association with cellular membranes. Targeting of the viral replication complex (RC) to the site of replication is mediated by the interaction of viral-encoded proteins and host factors. Electron microscope studies have shown that Poinsettia mosaic virus (PnMV, family Tymoviridae) infection is associated with the presence of vesicular structures in the chloroplasts, which indicates that the replication of PnMV might occur in association with chloroplast-derived membranes. Using computer assisted homology search, we have identified that the coat protein (CP) of PnMV shows similarity to membrane bound proteins and contains a conserved amino acid sequence motif found in members of the Alb3/Oxa1/YidC protein family. This protein family is involved in the insertion of proteins into intracellular membranes. In this study we carried out localization studies combined with confocal laser microscopy to identify the cellular localization of the PnMV CP. Transient expression of red fluorescent protein (RFP)-tagged PnMV CP in Nicotiana benthamiana protoplast was shown to localize in the chloroplast.