Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2011
Authors
Grete Helen Meisfjord Jørgensen Knut Egil BøeAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Abstract
The protected brown bears (Ursus arctos) of Northern Europe are often involved in conflicts with humans, livestock depredation as well as subjected to illegal hunting. STR markers are the preferred forensic tools applied in wildlife crime cases and may be used for traceability and as tools for population management. Thus, a validated STR profiling system according to forensic standards is suggested. We have estimated allele frequencies and analysed repeat structure of 13 STR loci (G1D, G10B, Mu05, Mu09, Mu15, Mu26, G1A, G10L, Mu10, Mu23, Mu50, Mu51, Mu59) in 479 individuals of eight Northern European brown bear populations. STR analysis of hair- and faecal-samples (> 5000) collected in the field as well as tissue samples from shot bears (93) were used to genotype the individuals. The success rate for samples collected in the field was approximately 70%. Species specificity testing showed no false positive bear genotypes. These results show that hairs and faecal samples represent an excellent source for bear DNA that may be utilized to sample allele frequency estimates from living populations. For the eight different populations (four from Norway, one from Sweden and one from Finland and two from Northwest Russia) we have determined the observed and expected heterozygosities, departures from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, population substructures and probabilities of identity. Our results suggest that samples can be assigned to a particular individual if using a combination of ten or more of the validated markers in this brown bear DNA profiling system.
Authors
Grete Helen Meisfjord Jørgensen Knut Egil BøeAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Cecilie Marie Mejdell Grete Helen Meisfjord Jørgensen Therese Rehn Linda J Keeling Knut Egil BøeAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Knut Egil Bøe Grete Helen Meisfjord JørgensenAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Elke Hartmann Yezica Norling Margareta Rundgren Eva Søndergaard Janne Winther Christensen Grete Helen Meisfjord Jørgensen Knut Egil Bøe Cecilie Marie Mejdell Seppo Hyyppä Susanne Särkijärvi Jan Ladewig Linda J KeelingAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Abstract
Current risk assessment procedures for contaminated land and for pesticides often fail to properly characterize the risk of chemicals for environment or human health and provide only a rough estimate of the potential risk of chemicals. Chemicals often occur in mixtures in the environment, while regulatory agencies often use a chemical-by-chemical approach, focusing on a single media, a single source, and a single toxic endpoint. Further, the importance of soil microbes and their activity in the functioning of soils impose a need to include microorganisms in soil quality assessments including terrestrial ecotoxicological studies. Numerous papers have been published on the effects of different contaminants on soil microbes, establishing changes in soil microbial diversity as an indicator of soil pollution. However, only a limited number of molecular studies focus on changes in fungal species when investigating soil microbial diversity. The main objective of the study presented here, is to assess the applicability of changes in soil microbial diversity and activity levels as indicators of ecologically relevant effects of chemicals contamination. We will achieve this through studies of effects of the fungicide picoxystrobin and the chemical 4-n-nonylphenol on the microbial biodiversity in a Norwegian sandy loam, with focus both on prokaryotes and the fungal species. Laboratory incubation experiments at 20°C with soil samples treated with the single chemicals or mixtures, with continuous monitoring of respiration activity as well as occasional destructive sampling for extraction of soil DNA, RNA, and chemical residues, was performed through a 70 d period. Results from amplification of soil bacterial and fungal DNA followed by T-RFLP (terminal restriction fragment length) analyses to assess chemicals effects on soil microbial diversity, indicate significant effects of the studied chemicals on soil microbial community structure. To identify specific bacterial or fungal groups that are affected, an assessment of the effects of the chemicals on the soil microbial metagenome by high throughput shot-gun sequencing (454 sequencing) is in progress This work is part of the research project ‘Bioavailability and biological effects of chemicals - Novel tools in risk assessment of mixtures in agricultural and contaminated soils’ funded by the Norwegian research council.
Authors
Cecilie Marie Mejdell Grete Helen Meisfjord Jørgensen Therese Rehn Linda J Keeling Kjersti Elisabeth Fremstad Knut Egil BøeAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Grete Helen Meisfjord Jørgensen Knut Egil BøeAbstract
No abstract has been registered
Authors
Grete Helen Meisfjord Jørgensen Knut Egil BøeAbstract
No abstract has been registered