Publications
NIBIOs employees contribute to several hundred scientific articles and research reports every year. You can browse or search in our collection which contains references and links to these publications as well as other research and dissemination activities. The collection is continously updated with new and historical material.
2016
Abstract
Effects of wilting rate and fermentation stimulators and inhibitors on protein characteristics of forages typ- ical for organic production were assessed using tradi- tional analytical methods and a gas production in vitro assay. The hypotheses were that the proportion of the crude protein (CP) fraction that was soluble would be lowest, and the protein feed value highest, under rapid wilting and restricted fermentation. The solubil- ity of the CP fraction varied according to treatments and between a first and a second cut, with moderate and high content of clover respectively. It was, how- ever, of minor importance for the protein value, both calculated as amino acids absorbed in the small intes- tine (AAT 20 ) and estimated as effective utilizable crude protein (uCP 04 ) by the in vitro assay. In ensiled her- bage, AAT 20 was highest in rapidly wilted and restrict- edly fermented silages made from a first cut dominated by highly digestible grasses. Silages from the second cut dominated by red clover were far lower in AAT 20 . The in vitro assay did not separate silages according to herbage composition or wilting rate, but ranked restrictedly fermented above extensively fer- mented with regard to protein supply. The assay might still have caught the characteristics that determine the true protein value in vivo.
Authors
Antonio Carlos Ferraz Filho Blas Mola-Yudego José Ramón González-Olabarria José Roberto Soares ScolforoAbstract
The objective of this paper is to determine the pruning level that does not affect tree growth, increasing the amount of clear wood production in a single lift at age 1.3 years. The experiment was developed in the municipality of Aracruz, Espírito Santo state, Brazil. The pruning intensities considered were: 40%, 55%, 70% and 85% of the total tree height, as well as no pruning for control. The results obtained three years after pruning showed that it is possible to reach up to a 70% of total tree height pruned (mean pruned height of 7.3 m) in a single pruning lift without affecting the size of the 700 largest trees per hectare in diameter. High intensity pruning (85%) translated into negative effects on tree growth. Low intensity pruning (40%) also had moderate effects on growth, possibly due to exposure of negative effects of leaf area removal without benefiting from the positive effects on canopy characteristics. Finally, the paper discusses different thinning regimes and its implications on the pruning regime. The results of this research can contribute to improve the management of fast growing plantations for timber production.
Authors
Marcin Stróz ̇ecki Mateusz Samson Bogdan Chojnicki Jacek Leśny Christophe Moni Marek Urbaniak Janusz Olejnik Radoslaw Juszczak Hanna Marika SilvennoinenAbstract
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Authors
Aytac Erdemir Olvar BerglandAbstract
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Abstract
In a landscape of fragmented private ownership, the need to coordinate game management across large areas presents challenges for landowners and public agencies alike. This paper describes how a recent reorganization of moose management in Norway achieves landscape-level planning while maintaining a tradition of local management by hunting teams. These two seemingly contradictory imperatives – coordinating wildlife management across large areas while keeping benefits and control in the hands of local resource users – are resolved through a nesting of management institutions, wherein the state serves a regulatory function and mid-level government (the county) serves to facilitate inter-local cooperation. This paper documents how the system is structured and describes the balance of incentives that enable the system to work. Information was gathered via interviews with staff at the Norwegian Directorate for Nature Management (now called the Norwegian Environment Agency), with wildlife management officials at the municipal level, with hunters, and from the most recent regulatory documents.
Abstract
Measuring energy and matter fluxes between the atmosphere and vegetation using the Eddy Covariance (EC) technique is the state-of-the-art method to quantify carbon exchange between terrestrial ecosystems and their surrounding. The EC equipment is usually mounted onto a flux tower reaching higher than the local canopy. Today, more than 600 flux towers are in operation worldwide. The methodological requirements lead to high sampling frequency (20 Hz) and thus to the production of very long time series. These are related to temperature, wind components, water vapour, heat and gas exchange, and others. In this chapter, the potential of Recurrence Analysis (RA) to investigate the dynamics of this atmosphere-vegetation boundary system is elucidated. In particular, the effect of temporal resolution, the identification of periods particular suitable for reliable EC flux calculations, and the detection of transitions between dynamical regimes will be highlighted.
Authors
Helen Ann Hamilton Eva Brod Ola Stedje Hanserud Daniel Beat Müller Helge Brattebø Trond HaraldsenAbstract
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